Brown Li Roseaaceae is a genus belonging to the Rosaceae family. It is a high-quality plum variety that has been introduced to China in recent years. This tree produces fruits weighing between 80 to 200 grams, featuring tender flesh, rich flavor, and excellent storage and transport tolerance. As a result, it is highly favored by both growers and consumers. Currently, most American Brown Plum seedlings are propagated using grafting on rootstocks such as peach, apricot, or cherry plum, but this method is relatively slow. Experimental results show that using softwood cuttings is the most effective way to accelerate the propagation of American Brown Plum seedlings. The survival rate of cuttings can reach up to 90%, and after transplanting, it can exceed 86%. The entire nursery process takes only about 40 days, significantly reducing the time required for cultivation. Below are the main technical steps:
First, prepare a shaded bed using a plastic greenhouse made from bamboo, wood, or straw. Clean the inside of the greenhouse and create a cutting bed with fine river sand. Sterilize the bed using a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, 50% carbendazim, 70% thiophanate, or 58% mancozeb at a concentration of 500 times. Apply the solution evenly over the moist sand surface. Maintain the temperature between 20°C and 28°C, with humidity above 70%. Since the cuttings include leaves, natural diffused light should be allowed into the greenhouse to support photosynthesis. The size of the greenhouse depends on the number of seedlings needed, typically around 250 seedlings per square meter.
Second, collect cuttings from healthy mother trees in disease-free areas during the fruiting season. Select young shoots, preferably those from the previous year that have not yet sprouted, with a thickness of about 0.7 cm. Cut each shoot to a length of 10–20 cm, leaving 2–3 full leaves or 3–5 half-leaves at the top. Avoid mixing different varieties, and label them immediately. The cuttings must be semi-lignified, free from pests and diseases. Bundle them in groups of 50, and dip the base (about 2 cm) into a solution of ABT rooting powder (0.005% to 0.01%) or 0.025% naphthylacetic acid for 30 minutes to 1 hour.
Third, make clean cuts using a sharp knife. Before inserting the cuttings, use a wooden stick to create small holes in the bed, then insert the cuttings to a depth of 5–8 cm, spacing them 6–8 cm apart. After insertion, water the cuttings and mist the greenhouse to maintain moisture.
Fourth, monitor the temperature, humidity, and ventilation in the greenhouse after planting. During hot midday hours, spray cool water to lower the temperature. Ensure the cutting bed remains moist but not overly wet to prevent rot. Seven days after planting, callus formation begins. By day 15, roots start to develop. When the cuttings have at least 10 roots, each averaging 5 cm in length, they are ready for transplanting. This method offers an efficient and reliable way to propagate American Brown Plum seedlings quickly and effectively.
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