Hybrid late rice offers significant advantages, such as large panicles, high grain numbers, and strong tillering capacity. It can produce yields that are 20% to 30% higher than conventional varieties. However, its high yield potential depends heavily on effective tillering and requires a substantial amount of fertilizer. Due to the high temperatures during the early growth stages, fertilizers are quickly decomposed and absorbed, but as the temperature decreases later, nutrient release slows down, leading to weakened soil fertility. This can cause premature aging and negatively affect grain and spike development. To maximize the yield of hybrid late rice, it is essential to implement proper fertilization techniques, focusing on timing and application methods to fully utilize the crop's yield potential.
Increasing potassium fertilizer application plays a key role in improving the root absorption capacity, tillering ability, and overall plant health of hybrid late rice. Potassium helps enhance lodging resistance, disease resistance, and nutrient transport within the plant, leading to better tiller production, more grains per panicle, and increased 1000-grain weight. According to field trials by agricultural technology departments, applying 35 kg of ammonium sulfate, 22 kg of superphosphate, and 22 kg of potassium chloride per acre meets the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of hybrid late rice throughout its growth cycle.
Applying fertilizer early is also crucial. A base fertilizer should be applied at planting, followed by a top-dressing 5–7 days after transplanting to promote early tillering. This initial top-dressing typically accounts for 20–25% of the total fertilizer. It should mainly consist of nitrogen, with some phosphorus and potassium added. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, additional tiller fertilizer can be applied. For example, 7–10 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre can be used. When using ammonium bicarbonate, it's important to mix it with fine soil and apply it in the evening with 3–5 cm of water to avoid damaging the seedlings. After 7–10 days, if certain plants are growing poorly, a second round of fertilizer can be applied.
Hybrid rice is very sensitive to moisture. After the plants turn green, a light irrigation can help promote root development. Then, shallow water irrigation should be maintained. Water can also help regulate nutrient availability, while deep water during high temperatures can help control temperature and encourage multiple panicle formations.
Applying panicle fertilizer at the right time is essential. The panicle fertilizer is divided into two types: one to promote flower development and another to preserve them. In cases where the field has insufficient base fertilizer, poor tillering, or weak seedling growth, an early panicle fertilizer should be applied when the penultimate leaf is just visible. This helps increase the number of branches and spikelets, leading to more grains per panicle.
Finally, the breakage fertilizer (also known as grain fertilizer) should be applied at the heading stage. It helps maintain plant vigor, prevent premature aging, and increase grain weight. If the leaves start to yellow, 2–3 kg of urea and 2 kg of potassium chloride can be applied, or foliar sprays of 1% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, seven to eight days apart, at about 60 kg per hectare. Once the panicles are fully developed, spraying 0.2–0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves two to three times helps transfer nutrients to the grains and prevents late maturity issues.
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