How can fertilization of peppers to increase the yield per mu? Capsicum is an infinite growth type, with buds and flowers. Pepper is a kind of warm vegetable, the suitable temperature for growth is 25-30 °C, and the fruit expansion period should be higher than 25 °C. The pepper has a long growing period, but the root system is underdeveloped, the root amount is small, the soil is shallow, and it is not resistant to drought or tolerance. It requires more fertilizer than tomato and eggplant, and is highly resistant to fertilizer. What are the specific measures for pepper fertilization technology? The following small series is a brief description for everyone.
Capsicum fertilization technology
1. The main problem
In the production of pepper, there are widespread application of nitrogen fertilizer, light application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; heavy application of chemical fertilizer, light or no application of organic fertilizer, neglecting the prominent problems of medium and trace element fertilizer.
2. Fertilization principle
(1) Add high-quality organic fertilizer according to local conditions.
(2) Controlling fertilization during flowering period, from the beginning of flowering to branching and fruit setting, in addition to the serious shortage of fertilizer in plants, the application of fertilizer should be controlled to prevent falling, deciduous and fruit falling.
(3) The quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in time for the young fruit period and the harvesting period to promote the rapid expansion of the young fruit.
(4) After transplanting the peppers to the flowering stage, promote the control and combine with the thin fertilizer.
(5) Avoid using high-concentration fertilizer, avoid wet soil topdressing, avoid topdressing at high temperature at noon, avoid excessive concentration of topdressing.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) High-quality farmyard manure 2——4 square/mu as the base fertilizer applied once.
(2) Fertilizer dosage: the output level is below 2000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3——4 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu Production level 2000 - 4000 kg / mu:
Nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 - 18 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 - 5 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10 - 12 kg / mu; production level of 4000 kg / acre: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 - 22 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 - 6 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 13 - 15 kg / mu.
(3) Fertilization ratio: 20% of total nitrogen fertilizer - 30% for base fertilizer, 70% - 80% for topdressing; phosphate fertilizer for all base fertilizer; 50% of total potassium fertilizer - 60% for base fertilizer, 40% - 50% for topdressing.
(4) In the middle of the growth of pepper, pay attention to spraying 500 times of foliar boron fertilizer and foliar calcium fertilizer product respectively to prevent and control pepper umbilical rot.
Because the pepper is not cold-resistant, it is warm, and the sun is moist and fertile, and it is resistant to fertilizer. Therefore, the spring March is broadcast in the seedbed or potted, and the seedlings are neat. Planting or basin on June, more fertilizer water in the growing season, so that the plant diameter increases, the result increases. However, according to the growth and development of pepper, fertilization requires “three fertilizersâ€.
1. After the seedlings are planted for 7 to 10 days, combined with cultivating and weeding, light fertilizer and light application, it is better to apply fully decomposed 10% pig manure urinary water. It is not advisable to apply urea, ammonium sulphate and human excrement too much to avoid causing Long; pig manure and urine should not be mixed with grass ash, so as not to affect the fertilizer effect.
2, branching, flowering, can be applied to human waste 1000 kg, plus 10 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, 7 to 10 days to apply once. If the plant is found to be aging, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased, and the application should be carried out in 4 plants, and 15 kg of urea or 10 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per acre. Fertilize must be kept away from plants to prevent root damage.
3, heavy application of strong fruit fertilizer since the first harvest received before the fall, is a large number of plants hanging fruit, need to re-apply topdressing. Generally, after each harvest of peppers, 1000 kg of fully decomposed 20% human excrement, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea are added per mu.
In addition, pepper is sensitive to potassium. The soil is deficient in potassium, and the pepper plants are short and thin, easy to fall, the leaves are curled, the old leaves gradually turn yellow, and there is a phenomenon of "leaf burning". Therefore, there is a lack of potassium in the early stage of pepper cultivation, and the effect of increasing the yield after applying potassium fertilizer is obvious. Potassium fertilizer can enhance the metabolism of pepper and facilitate the formation of starch and sugar.
The addition of potassium fertilizer can increase the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, is conducive to protein formation, and can improve the cold tolerance, drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance of plants. Therefore, in the base fertilizer, the application of chemical fertilizers such as potassium sulfate or potassium chloride is 5 to 10 kg per mu, which is mixed with organic fertilizer and insoluble phosphate fertilizer, and has obvious effect of increasing yield.
How to fertilize peppers is more productive
1. Re-application of base fertilizer: Apply 1500-2000 kg of organic fertilizer composted per mu, 40-60 kg of superphosphate, 6-8 kg of potassium chloride, and apply to the soil when the soil is creped.
2, topdressing: 5-7 days after planting began to apply thin fertilizer, generally every 7-10 days after the application, the application of human waste water or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer diluted with water, as well, Use 5-8 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre. When the plant grows into the flowering stage, it should be applied once a heavy fertilizer. Apply 30-40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre or 15 kg of urea + 6-8 kg of potassium chloride. After the application, combine the soil and cover the fertilizer with soil.
3, to prevent falling flowers and fruit: early temperature is too low or late temperature is too high, damage to the flower, poor fertilization or nutritional deficiencies, pests and diseases, etc., leading to falling flowers, due to temperature caused by 25% of the anti-falling hormone before flowering 1- 2 days of spraying, timely removal of weeds, as the plants continue to grow upwards, the soil is washed away by rain, easy to make plants fall and dew roots, so weeding and soil should be repeated several times.
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