The return of rice straw to the field is a comprehensive technique for harvesting rice with a combine harvester equipped with a shredding device, and then performing a one-time operation with a high-performance straw-returning cultivator with a medium-sized tractor. The demonstration and extension results in the past three years show that the full amount of rice straw (about 500 kg per mu) will change the soil environment, and the microbial activity will change the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The returning rice straw can rot in a whole wheat growth cycle. Some nutrients can be absorbed by wheat, and after two years, the amount of chemical fertilizers used in wheat production can be appropriately reduced. However, in order to achieve the effect of improving the yield of medium-gluten wheat in Houyi and improving the quality of medium-gluten wheat, it is also necessary to coordinate the relationship between the return of rice straw and the growth of middle-gluten wheat through the accompanying agronomic measures.
Prerequisites (1) The combine harvester must be equipped with a shredding device. The shredding device must have a shredding length of not more than 10 cm. (2) The height of the machine is less than 20 cm. (3) Large-scale tractors must be equipped with high-performance counter-rotating rotary cultivators to return rice straw.
The artificial herbaceous land is currently mostly used for small-scale farming of thousands of households. Combine harvesters mostly form straw stalks at the turning point of the field, affecting the effects of smashing and must be manually distributed.
Deep plowing and shallow rotation adopts the second operation of ploughing (combine chopping rice straw - artificial uniform grass - applying basic fertilizer - large-scale tractor with high-performance reversal stubble rotary tiller to return buried straw - artificial sowing wheat - belt Roller compact tractor with shallow screw cap) to increase seed uniformity and reduce deep seeds, cluster seeds, and dew seeds.
The varieties are selected from the local Lixiahe high-quality medium-gluten red sauerkraut wheat superior production area, and high-quality medium-gluten wheat varieties should be selected, such as Yangmai 11, Yangmai 16, and Yangmai 14.
Seed treatment sowing before drying 1 to 2 days, improve seed viability. Application of "Spring Spring" wheat special seed dressing seed dressing can increase the germination rate and the emergence rate of wheat, promote the tillering and dwarfing of plants, make the leaf color of the wheat seedlings darken green, increase the toughness of the stems, antifreeze, drought resistance, The anti-fall effect is obvious. Generally used "Spring Spring" special wheat seed dressing agent 20 grams of water 0.5 ~ 0.75 kg diluted with about 10 kg of wheat seed.
Sowing period sowing volume Locally promoted Yangmai series of medium-gluten wheat are all spring varieties. The heading variety Yangmai 11 is strong in spring, and the suitable sowing period ranges from October 27 to November 7. The total amount of rice straw is returned to the field because the topsoil layer contains a certain amount of rice straw, which will have a certain impact on the germination and growth of wheat seeds. It is necessary to appropriately increase the seeding rate. The amount per mu is 2 kg higher than the conventional amount, generally within the appropriate sowing date range. Use 11 to 13 kilograms of wheat per acre.
After drowning or repressing rice straw, the soil is loose and easy to lose air. If sowing soil moisture is not good, immediately after sowing, water should be promoted Qimiao; if the former quail rice when the harvest is good, can be taken after the crackdown measures to protect Qimiao Qimiao.
Fertilizer management The temperature of wheat is gradually reduced after sowing, the microbial activity in the soil is slowed down, and the problem of nitrogen competition between microorganisms and seedlings is not as prominent as the return of wheat straw. It is only necessary to make a slight adjustment to the management of nitrogen fertilizer and appropriately increase the nitrogen use rate of the seedlings. M fertilizer application rate increased from the conventional 60% to 65%. The amount of basal fertilizer is 55% of the total amount of fertilizer, and it is better to use high-concentration compound fertilizer and ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate is a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, which is helpful for accelerating microbial decomposition of rice straw. Generally fertilize and then bury straw to achieve full-layer fertilization. Specifically, 40% (20-10-10) or 35% (20-9-6) of wheat can be applied per acre for 30 kg of formula fertilizer and 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Look at the seedlings to balance the application of fertilizer (accounting for 10% of the total amount of fertilizer). Before returning to the jointing stage, 1 to 2 times of fertilizer should be applied according to the seedling condition. The amount of fertilizer should not be too high to promote the balance of catching the yellow pond. It can apply 10 kg of urea or ammonium bicarbonate per acre. Replanting jointing booting fertilizer (accounting for 35% of the total amount of fertilizer), can apply 13 kg of urea per mu, 5 kg of potassium chloride. In the wheat heading and flowering period, the fertilizer sprays prevent premature aging, combined with the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Each acre is sprayed with “yang dew†foliar fertilizer with 50 grams of water and 50-60 kg of water.
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