Cymbidium hybridum, commonly known as the Mutant Tigerhead Orchid, Tigerhead Orchid, Himbee, or Woodlands, is a stunning orchid species with a rich history and vibrant appearance. Its scientific name is *Cymbidium hybridum*, and it belongs to the Orchidaceae family, specifically the Lankola subfamily.
This perennial evergreen plant typically grows to a height of 30–50 cm, featuring large bulbs that help store nutrients. The leaves are narrow, ranging from 1–2 cm in width and 20–40 cm in length. The flower stems emerge from pseudo-bulbs, bearing 8–16 blossoms per stem. These flowers come in a wide range of colors—red, yellow, green, white, and even complex combinations—making them visually striking and highly sought after.
The large-flowered Cymbidium is renowned for its bold, showy blooms and lush foliage, earning it a place among the world's most famous orchids. It’s not just beautiful—it also carries a delicate fragrance reminiscent of Guolan and the vibrant colors of Yanglan, which adds to its appeal in the global floral market.
In terms of growth habits, Cymbidium thrives in semi-shaded environments, often found near streams or under forest canopies. It prefers warm winters and cool summers, with an ideal growing temperature between 10–25°C. Nighttime temperatures around 10°C support healthy leaf development and proper bud formation. Flowering usually occurs between February and March, but if temperatures drop below 5°C, the leaves may turn yellow, and flower buds may fail to develop properly, delaying blooming until April or May.
When nighttime temperatures rise to about 15°C, flower buds may suddenly elongate, leading to early flowering in January or February—but this can cause the stems to become weak and droop. At 20°C, the plant may focus more on leaf growth, which can inhibit flowering and cause buds to yellow.
To ensure optimal flowering, a significant temperature difference between day and night is essential for flower bud formation, stem elongation, and overall bloom quality.
Cymbidium has long been a favorite in international markets, with the Japanese referring to it as "East Asian Blue" and Europeans calling it "New Motherland Blue." Its popularity continues to grow, especially in Japan and Europe.
After the first hybrid was developed in England in 1889, many more hybrids were created in the 1940s across Europe and the U.S., resulting in over 1,000 cultivars today. These varieties have become a staple in both domestic and international markets, standing out among other tropical orchids.
Originating mainly from Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan, Cymbidium is primarily exported by Japan. In 1993, Japan alone consumed 4.1 million pots, generating $105 million in sales. Meanwhile, the Netherlands was a major producer in Europe, with sales reaching $80 million.
Despite being native to China, where it has abundant genetic resources, Cymbidium has not yet been fully improved. Wild varieties tend to be less colorful, with sparse and elongated, curved flower stems. To meet market demands, efforts to improve the species have accelerated since the 1990s, with regions like Guangdong and Yunnan introducing high-quality foreign varieties for small-scale production.
Though currently expensive, these improved varieties are gaining traction, and with potential price drops, the future looks promising for Cymbidium in the global orchid trade.
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