Cymbidium hybridum, commonly known as the Mutant Tigerhead Orchid, Tigerhead Orchid, Himbee, or Woodlands, is a striking orchid species that has captured the attention of flower enthusiasts around the world. Its scientific name is *Cymbidium hybridum*, and it belongs to the family Orchidaceae, not Lankola (likely a typo).
This perennial evergreen plant typically grows to a height of 30–50 cm and features large bulbs. Its leaves are narrow, ranging from 1–2 cm in width and 20–40 cm in length. The flowers grow on pseudo-bulbs, with each stem bearing 8–16 blossoms. The colors vary widely, including red, yellow, green, white, and complex combinations, making it visually stunning.
The large-flowered Cymbidium is admired for its bold, vibrant blooms and is often referred to as one of the most famous orchids globally. It possesses a delicate fragrance reminiscent of Guolan and the colorful appeal of Yanglan, which has made it highly popular in international markets. In Japan, it's called "East Asian Blue," while in Europe and America, it’s sometimes known as "New Motherland Blue."
Cymbidium thrives in semi-shady environments, such as near streams or under forest canopies. It prefers warm winters and cool summers, with an ideal growth temperature between 10–25°C. Nighttime temperatures around 10°C help maintain healthy foliage and proper flower bud development. If temperatures drop below 5°C, the leaves may turn yellow, and flowering is delayed until April or May. Conversely, if nighttime temperatures rise to 15°C, the buds may suddenly elongate, leading to early blooming in January or February, but the stems may become weak and droop. At 20°C, the foliage may grow excessively, reducing flowering quality and causing buds to yellow.
In summary, successful flower bud formation, stem elongation, and blooming require significant temperature differences between day and night.
Since its first hybrid was cultivated in England in 1889, numerous interspecies hybrids have been developed in Europe and the U.S., resulting in over a thousand cultivars today. These varieties have gained popularity both domestically and internationally, becoming a standout in the orchid world.
Native to regions like Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan, *Cymbidium hybridum* is primarily exported by Japan. In 1993, Japan consumed 4.1 million pots, generating $105 million in sales, while the Netherlands led European production, with $80 million in revenue.
Despite being native to China, where it has rich genetic resources, the wild variety tends to be less colorful, with sparse and drooping flowers. To improve its commercial potential, efforts have been made since the 1990s to introduce foreign varieties and cultivate them in places like Guangdong and Yunnan. Although these plants are currently expensive and not widely available, their market demand remains strong, and prices are expected to decrease in the future, offering promising prospects for further development.
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