Chrysanthemums are abundant in natural resources and are found across five continents, with China being one of the most significant regions for their distribution. They span from north to south and east to west, covering provinces such as Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Tianjin, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guizhou. Among these, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Henan are the primary areas for chrysanthemum cultivation. Specific varieties like Juju, Qiju, Gongju, and Chrysanthemum are mainly produced in different regions—Juju in Qixian and Guoyang, Qiju in Quanjiao and Qixian, Gongju in Qixian, and Chrysanthemum in Tongxiang, Haining, Jiaxing, and Huzhou.
In China, four types of medicinal chrysanthemums are recognized: Juju, Qiju, Gongju, and Chrysanthemum. Cultivating chrysanthemums can be highly profitable, especially when done with proper techniques and attention to environmental conditions.
Before planting, selecting the right variety is crucial. Different chrysanthemum species have varying flowering periods and environmental preferences. For example, Chunju typically blooms from late April to mid-May in East China and from late May to mid-June in North China. It is not very sensitive to sunlight but thrives at night temperatures around 10°C. On the other hand, Chrysanthemum is heat-tolerant but not suitable for southern Jiangsu due to summer high temperatures that can cause bud deformities.
Early autumn chrysanthemums bloom from late September to early October, while late autumn chrysanthemums flower from mid-October to mid-November. In eastern China, cooler summers may advance the blooming time of early autumn varieties. Winter chrysanthemums bloom after December and are best suited for South China, where additional heating or plastic coverings may be required in northern regions.
Soil preparation is also essential. The soil should be loose, well-drained, and rich in nutrients. Fertilizer application depends on regional conditions, and it's important to avoid over or under-fertilizing. Greenhouse facilities must ensure sufficient light, good drainage, and ventilation. Additional equipment like shade nets, support structures, and irrigation systems are often necessary.
Planting methods vary, including single-stem and multi-stem types. Planting depth should be shallow—around 3–4 cm—to prevent root rot. Proper spacing ensures good air circulation and easier management. During cultivation, regular pruning helps control plant growth, improve light exposure, and increase yield.
Temperature and light play a key role in flower bud development. For instance, Qiuju (autumn chrysanthemum) is a short-day plant, requiring less than 11 hours of daylight for bud formation. Temperature management is critical, as chrysanthemums grow best between 5°C and 25°C.
Overall, successful chrysanthemum cultivation requires careful planning, appropriate environmental control, and ongoing maintenance to ensure healthy growth and high-quality blooms. With the right approach, this beautiful and economically valuable plant can thrive in various climates and conditions.
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Feed additives are small amounts of substances added to ordinary feed to improve animal nutrition, enhance physical fitness, and reduce
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The feed additive has achieved good application effect in the breeding of piglets, sows and finishing pigs
Feed additives can improve the weight gain rate of meat sheep, beef cattle and other meat ruminants, increase the net meat percentage of the carcass and improve meat quality
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