Silage processing technology
It belongs to biological treatment technology and is the main mode of utilization of corn straw feed in Shandong Province. The technology is to cut the corn straw through a silage harvesting machine to complete the shredding, collecting or artificial harvesting at one time. The green corn stalks are crushed to 1 cm to 2 cm long, so that the moisture content is 67% to 75%. , Storage and storage in pits, tanks, towers, pools and plastic bags compactly sealed and stored, artificially created an anaerobic environment, natural use of lactic acid bacteria anaerobic fermentation, produce lactic acid, so that most of the microorganisms stop breeding, and lactic acid bacteria due to lactic acid It accumulates and is eventually controlled by the lactic acid produced by itself to stop the growth, so as to maintain the nutrition of the green straw and make the silage with a slight fruity aroma. The livestock are more like to eat.
Micro-processing technology
This is also a biological treatment method. Cut corn stalks to a length of 5 cm to 8 cm for cattle and 3 cm to 5 cm for sheep. Pigs need to be crushed, which facilitates compaction and improves the utilization of micro-cells. And ensure the quality of storage materials. The container can be selected from cement silos or crypts similar to silage or ammoniation, with a plastic film on the bottom and surrounding, and small-volume production cylinders or plastic bags, vats, etc. The moisture content of the straw is controlled at 60% to 70%. Microbial active strains are added to the straw to make the corn straw become a feed with acid, fragrant, and taste-like domestic animal feed after fermentation. Micro-storage is a method of using microorganisms to degrade and convert cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stover into bacterial proteins, which is also a trend for the use of crude fiber in the future.
Yellow storage technology
This is a method of using microbes to treat dry corn stalks. The corn stalks were crushed to 2 cm to 4 cm, and placed in a cylinder. Add appropriate amount of warm water for 2 days. Dry stalks of livestock do not like to eat, the utilization rate is not high, after the yellow, sour, sweet, crisp, soft, livestock love, the utilization rate can be increased to 80% to 95%.
Ammonia processing technology
Ammonification is the most practical chemical treatment method. The straw is first cut into 2 cm to 3 cm long, the water content of the straw is adjusted to about 30%, and 5 kg to 6 kg of urea or 10 kg to 15 kg of hydrogen carbonate are used for 100 kg of straw. Ammonium is uniformly mixed with 25 kg to 30 kg of water-soluble mixture to prepare an aqueous solution of urea or ammonium carbonate, or 12 kg to 15 kg of 15% aqueous ammonia per 100 kg of crude feed. Layers of compaction, layer by layer spray ammoniation agent, and finally sealed, at 25 °C ~ 30 °C under 7 days of ammoniation can be opened, so that ammonia volatilize net feed. Ammoniated straw feed is commonly produced by stacking and ammoniating furnaces. Ammoniated corn stalks can increase crude fiber digestibility, increase crude protein, and contain a large amount of amine salts. Ammonium salt is a good nutrient source for stomach microbes in cattle and sheep ruminants. Ammonia itself is an alkalizing agent, which can increase the utilization of crude fiber and increase nitrogen. Feeding cattle and sheep after ammoniating of corn stalks can not only reduce the consumption of concentrate feed, but also accelerate the growth of cattle and sheep.
Alkaline processing technology
This is also a chemical treatment method. Alkaline treatment of corn stover with a basic compound can open alkali ester-labile ester bonds in cell molecules and expand fibers, which facilitates the infiltration of animal's gastric juice and improves livestock's Feed digestibility and feed intake. Alkaline treatment mainly includes sodium hydroxide treatment, liquid nitrogen treatment, urea treatment and lime treatment. Taking the lime treatment with a wide range of sources and low prices as an example, 100 liters of water plus 1 kilogram of quicklime are continuously stirred until it is clarified, the supernatant is taken, and the ratio of 1:3 of the solution and feed is stirred in the tank and slightly compacted. Summer temperatures are high, generally only 30 hours to feed, winter usually takes 80 hours. The current development is a composite chemical treatment that combines the advantages of both alkalization and ammoniation.
Acid storage technology
Acid storage is also a chemical treatment method. Spraying an acidic substance on the storage material or adding a little amount of Glauber's salt to the storage of the green feed with an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid can increase the sulphur-containing compounds in the feed and increase the vitality of the lactic acid bacteria. Feed nutrition, and resistance to bacteria. This method is simple and effective, can effectively resist the "secondary fermentation", and it is easier to take the material. This method is more suitable for yellow storage, can properly soften the dry straw, increase the taste and improve digestibility.
Briquetting process technology
Using the feed briquetting machine to compress the straw into high-density cakes, the compression can reach 1:15 to 1:5, which can greatly reduce the space for transportation and storage. If used in conjunction with drying equipment, it can suppress fresh corn stalks to ensure that their nutrient composition is unchanged and prevent mildew. At present, there is also a conversion agent after the compression, the temperature and pressure generated by the compression, the straw ammoniation, alkalization, aging, increase its crude protein content and digestibility, the processed corn stalk becomes 30mm 30mm section The block feed with a length of 20 mm to 100 mm has a density of 0.6 kg to 0.8 kg per cubic centimeter, which is convenient for transportation and storage. It is suitable for the company's peasant household model, and its production cost is low.
Grass flour processing technology
The corn stalks are crushed into grass powder, fed to cattle and sheep after fermentation, used as feed instead of hay, and seasons are more likely to be consumed during the busy season, and the feeding effect is better. Any non-mildew, corn stalk with a moisture content of not more than 15% can be crushed raw materials. The straw is crushed with a hammer mill during the production. The grass powder should not be too fine, generally 10 mm to 20 mm in length and 1 mm to 3 mm in width. Fine is not easy to ruminate. The crushed corn stalk grass powder and leguminous grass powder are mixed in a ratio of 3:1. The whole fermentation time is 1 day to 1.5 days. The fermented grass powder is added with 0.5 kg to 1 kg of bone meal per 100 liters. , And with 25 kg to 30 kilograms of cornmeal, wheat bran, etc., fully mixed, they will be made of grass powder fermentation mix feed.
Expanding processing technology
This is a physico-biochemical composite treatment method. The mechanism is that screw squeezing is used to feed the corn stalk into the extruder. The screw screw pushes the material to form an axial flow. At the same time, due to the screw and the material, the material and the barrel, and the internal of the material. Mechanical friction, the material is strongly squeezed, stirred, sheared, so that the material is refined and homogenized. As the pressure increases, the temperature rises accordingly. Under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and high shear force, the physical properties of the material change from powder to paste. When the paste material is ejected from the die hole, under the influence of a strong pressure difference, the material is expanded, dehydrated, and cooled, resulting in a loose, porous, and crispy puff that has a good palatability and flavor. favorite.
From the perspective of biochemical process, the maximum temperature during extrusion can reach 130°C~160°C. Not only can kill bacteria, microorganisms, eggs, improve health indicators, but also make a variety of harmful factors inactivated, improve feed quality, eliminate the various factors that contribute to deterioration of the material, extended shelf life.
The corn straw thermal spray feed processing technology is a similar composite treatment method. The difference is that the straw is put into a thermal spray device, saturated steam is inwardly injected, and after a certain time, the straw is subjected to high temperature and high pressure treatment, and then A sudden drop in pressure causes the treated straw to be sprayed into the atmosphere, thereby altering its structure and certain chemical constituents and increasing the nutritional value of the straw feed. The extruded and thermally sprayed straw can be directly fed to livestock and can also be processed by briquetting.
Granular feed processing technology
The corn stalks are dried after being crushed, and then the additives are added and mixed uniformly. The granules are pelletized and pressed into a pellet feed in a pellet feed machine. Due to friction heating during processing, the inside of the straw is deeply matured, and the processed feed pellets are smooth, moderate in hardness, and uniform in size. The diameter of the pellet can be adjusted between 3 mm and 12 mm as required. It can also use pellet feed equipment to complete straw crushing, lifting, stirring and feeding functions, adding various additives at any time, completely closed production, and a high degree of automation. Small and medium-sized corn stalk pellet feed processing enterprises should use this technology . In addition, there is also a complete processing and production technology for straw concentrate feed that is suitable for large-scale feed production enterprises, and its level of automation is higher.
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