Greenhouse Viticulture Technology

Two-year-old cultivation techniques of greenhouse vines

1. Construction and Structure of Greenhouses Greenhouses should be established where the wind is sunny, the terrain is open and flat, the soil is fertile, the groundwater level is low, the soil permeability is good, and drainage and irrigation are convenient.
2, the choice of varieties to use high temperature resistance, disease resistance, grain size, spike, high yield and multi-results of the ability of the late-maturing grape varieties, but also good color, good flavor and strong commercial. At present, the varieties that are suitable for two crops a year are Kyoho, Katsuragi, Black Han and Hongruibao.
3. Cultivation methods and shaping methods
3.1 Small Shelving Cultivation The cultivation of small arch scaffolds is applied to single-span arched greenhouses. The planting rows are 1.2-1.25 m away from the edge of the shed. Two of them extend toward the center, and the planting rows run along the shed. The plant spacing is about 0.6 meters and the vines are cultivated. Dulong-shaped, complete plastic surgery in 3 years, and then trimmed with short shoots or short tips, and used a method of changing heads and heads for extending vines.
3.2 The single row single-armed planting direction of the stand cultivation is in the north-south direction, the row spacing is 1.7-2.0 meters, and the plant spacing is 1.0 meters. In the second year, 5-6 vines are cultivated to grow upright to form a three-dimensional result. This method can make full use of the effective area of ​​space, in two or three years can be harvested higher yields in order to change the cranium method of pruning.
Single-armed, this type of cultivation method is based on a single-row single-arm improvement. After three years, two rows of iron wire are provided and the rack type is changed from one arm to two arms. The wire is 70 centimeters from the bottom and 1.0 meters at the top, which is good for lighting.
The difference between the double-row single-arm type and the single-row single-arm type is the double-row planting with a small row spacing of 0.8 meters and a large row spacing of 2.0 meters; the spacing between the rows is 1.0 meters. Double-row plastic surgery has a high yield, but due to its high density, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. The plastic trimming method is the same as that of a single arm.
4. Colonization method Colonization should be carried out in the fall of the previous year according to the scheduled row spacing, and dig deep and wide to 70-80 cm for planting ditch. When digging trenches, put topsoil, heart and soil aside. When filling back the soil, first fill in the bottom of the ditch with more than 10 cm thick organic matter, and sprinkle with a layer of decomposed manure, plus some coarse sand, then fill the topsoil, then take a layer of topsoil, a layer of manure, and a layer The method of rough sand is 40 centimeters away from the surface, and the manure is mixed with the soil. It is filled to about 10 centimeters from the surface and then poured into the ditch. After the water sinks, it can be planted. At the end of April, Seedlings germinate roots in the room. The three forms of colonization are as follows.
4.1 General method According to the planting distance, dig the planting hole, cut the long roots of the seedlings, spread the roots when planting, and then apply the basal fertilizer mixed with soil and cover the soil. Pay attention to make the grape interface and the ground level, smooth and smooth. Then water, after the water sink, use sand and soil to bury the vine and bury it in the bud 2 centimeters. If the seedlings have leaves, the leaves should be exposed.
4.2 Early spring warming transplant method In early April, the grape seedlings were planted in agricultural film barrels or thick paper cylinders with a length of 40 cm and a diameter of 30 cm in a nutritious soil, and they were placed on a 5-7-leaf leaf in the protected planting period. Then take Miao colonization.
4.3 Two-year seedling cultivation method Large seedling transplanting is an important means to accelerate the rapid growth of greenhouse vines. Specifically, the finished product is planted in a seedling barrel with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 40 cm and filled with nutritious soil in the year before planting, and cultivated for 1 year according to Shanman plastic and wintered at -5-5°C. In the second year of early spring, after warming and cultivation, you can get 4-6 kilograms of output in the same year, and when conditions permit, you should plant large seedlings in early spring greenhouses.

China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (Xuan)

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013673951810 (Mr. Xiao)

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