Foliar fertilization is an effective method used to supply nutrients directly to the leaves of corn plants. Instead of relying solely on root absorption, fertilizer is sprayed onto the foliage, where it enters through the stomata and the outer layer of the leaf (the cuticle), allowing the plant to quickly take up and utilize the nutrients. This technique is especially beneficial during critical growth stages like flowering or tasseling.
One of the main advantages of foliar feeding is that it requires less fertilizer compared to traditional soil applications, while still delivering quick results. Studies have shown that applying a 0.2-0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the flowering stage can increase grain weight by 2 to 12 grams per ear, and boost yield by 3.5 to 50 kg per mu. Similarly, using a 4% urea solution applied 2 to 3 times can raise the 1000-grain weight by 2 to 40 grams, increasing production by 6.5 to 75 kg per acre. Spraying a 0.01% ammonium molybdate solution at the heading stage helps prevent premature leaf aging, improves grain filling, and increases grain weight by 10 to 20 grams.
In addition, elements like iron, zinc, and manganese are often difficult for corn roots to absorb due to their tendency to bind with soil particles and become insoluble. Foliar application offers a direct way to supplement these essential nutrients, preventing deficiencies that can reduce yield and quality.
To enhance the effectiveness of foliar sprays, a small amount of surfactant or dish soap can be added to the solution, helping the fertilizer stick better to the leaf surface. The best time to apply foliar fertilizers is early in the morning before 10 AM or late in the afternoon after 4 PM, avoiding the intense heat of midday. This allows the leaves to remain moist for longer, improving nutrient absorption.
Additionally, farmers can mix in organic amendments such as wood ash, chicken manure, rabbit droppings, or composted urine at a concentration of around 10% to 20%. These natural substances not only provide additional nutrients but also improve soil structure and microbial activity over time. By combining chemical and organic inputs, growers can achieve more balanced and sustainable crop nutrition.
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