In terms of peanut production, management in the middle and late stages will not keep up, which will lead to lower peanut production, which is a factor that severely restricts the expansion of peanut acreage.
First, timely top-dressing soil peanuts from the beginning of flowering to flowering, lack of fertilizer and easy to reduce the amount of flowers, affecting the fruit needle into the soil, should distinguish between different conditions, and reasonable nutrient replenishment.
1. Insufficient basal fertilizer or weak seedling plots, should be urea 7.5 to 10 kilograms per mu, calcium superphosphate 10 to 15 kilograms, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer 15 to 20 kilograms, is conducive to flower Qi As a result, ensure high yields.
2. The nitrogen-deprived plots of peanuts have light yellow leaves and small veins, and the veins are chlorotic. The rate of urea should be 5 to 7.5 kg per mu. If there is a lack of phosphorus, the plants will be stunted. The leaves will be blue-green and curl upwards. Diammonium 7.5 to 10 kg, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre 50 kg; potassium deficiency leaves are dark green, dry edges, should recover 10 to 15 kg of potassium sulfate or plant ash 50 to 100 Kg; calcium-deficient plants grow slowly, with high empty shell rate, and 40-50 kilograms of lime should be harvested to increase production and improve quality.
3. Timely soil. The key to soil cultivation is timely and premature. Because the plants are short, the fruit branches are easily injured by soil and the weeds have not yet fully germinated and are likely to cause grass shortage. If they are too late, the time for the fruit needles to enter the soil is prolonged, which is unfavorable to the development of early pods. Increase the number of young fruit, pods and rot. Appropriate soil-cultivation time is: Peanut single flowering period, a few fruit needles have been buried, a large number of fruit needles have not yet been buried. It is necessary to ensure that the ditch does not hurt the roots and the earth is not pressed and vines. This effectively promotes the normal development of the needles that have been soiled and creates the conditions for ushering in the middle-upper fruit needles.
Second, timely watering and scooping As the saying goes, "Dry is not a needle, wet not drums." That is to say, in the middle and late stages of peanut growth, the land should be kept "see dry see wet." If there is excessive rainfall or poor drainage during the flowering period to the full fruit period, if the soil water content exceeds 80% of the field water capacity, the lack of oxygen in the soil will affect the development of roots or pods and cause a lot of rot. During this period, the corruption rate of peanuts increased, and the average yield was reduced by about 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to clear the drainage ditch in time for the easy-to-sweep land, so that light rain is not guilty, and heavy rain is not a disaster.
Third, spray fertilizer and prevent premature aging
1. Spraying fertilizer. Trace elements have an irreplaceable effect on the growth and development of peanuts by other various elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). Once a certain trace element is lacking, it will show the corresponding deficiency symptoms through the external morphology of the plant. Peanuts are sensitive to trace elements such as iron, molybdenum, boron, and calcium, and iron is extremely sensitive. Peanuts grown in alkaline soils are prone to iron deficiency and show symptoms of yellow leaf bleaching. Such as the timely application of iron fertilizer, can make peanut leaf color from white to green in a few days, with a significant increase in production. According to the experiment, 0.4% ferrous sulfate was sprayed once in the autumn flowering period and during the fruit filling period, which could increase production by more than 10%. Zinc supply is sufficient, peanuts grow vigorously, and the plants are strong and leafy. If you add zinc fertilizer in the iron fertilizer spray, the effect of increasing production is better.
2. Do not overdifferentiate control. Due to spraying a large number of chemical control agents, such as spraying a large number of paclobutrazol, the emergence of premature aging in individual plots of peanuts. Therefore, for under-application of basal fertilizer or high-yield field peanuts, spraying foliar fertilizer in the middle and late stages of peanut growth is an effective measure to seize the high-quality and high-yield peanuts. 30 to 50 days before harvest can be sprayed with 1% urea plus 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, spraying fertilizer solution per acre 50 kg. Spraying once every 10 days, generally spraying 2 or 3 times, has a significant effect on increasing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and promoting full filling of pods.
Fourth, timely control of pests and diseases. To control earthworms and other underground pests, dilute with 48% of Le Siben EC 200 ml/mu plus appropriate amount of water, mix well with 1 kg fine sand, or use 5% phoxim granules 3 kg/mu, with fine dry earth 1.5 to 2.5 kg after mixing, combined with earth buried in the peanut near the needle.
For the prevention and control of pests such as Helicoverpa armigera, bridge-building insects, and Spodoptera litura, if more than 30 larvae (eggs) are bred and 30% are yellowish and individually hatched, they should be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis before the third instar larvae, or The use of hyperosmotic avermectin 3.2 ~ 4.0 grams / mu of water spray 60-75 kg.
The prevention and treatment of peanut leaf spot can be controlled by spray 75% chlorothalonil 150g/mu. At the same time, it can also be used to treat rust in flowers. It can also use Jinggangmycin 100g/mu or sulfur rubber suspension 15~20kg, foliar spray.
Fifth, timely harvest. When the upper leaves of peanuts turn yellow, most of the middle leaves have fallen off, and the reticulation of the fruit shell is clear. After the pods are peeled off, the sponge layer in the fruit shell has a black luster, full grain, and the seed coat is ruddy, and the full fruit rate reaches 85%. It shows that peanuts have matured and must be harvested in time. If the harvest is too early or too late, the quality and yield will be reduced.
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Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products Inc. , https://www.jxinstitute.com