(a) The rotation is down. Buckwheat does not require stricter predecessors, but it is not suitable for continuous cropping. Breeding of buckwheat has a greater impact on the crop of lower crops. Therefore, it is necessary to increase fertilization before planting the lower crop and do a good job of soil cultivation to restore soil fertility. Our province is a summer sowing buckwheat production area, usually winter wheat after harvest. Hexi is the spring wheat harvested after the re-success, mostly spring wheat to buckwheat two crops a year, and in the vast area of ​​the eastern part of the river is winter wheat, buckwheat, winter leisure, spring planting crops two years three cooked. (b) Fine land preparation. The buckwheat seedlings have poor top soil capacity, weak root development, and high requirements for site preparation. Grasping cultivation and soil preparation is the main measure to ensure the whole buckwheat seedlings. After harvesting, it should be ploughed in time and then ploughed deeply. If time permits, deep plowing is best performed after the weeds in the ground are unearthed. In the east of Longdong, Baotu is one of the main tasks of cultivation and soil preparation. When cultivating the summer pods, rushing time is the most important, and all field farming should be subject to timely sowing. After the wheat is harvested, it is timely cultivated and picked up; if the time is tight, it can also be planted with stubble. The wheat is ploughed only in the daytime (without tipping) and then sown directly. (3) Rationally applying base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. The basal manure is dominated by well-organized organic fertilizers such as human and animal manure and earth miscellaneous fertilizers. The bad straw fertilizer for rot fertilizers should not be applied to buckwheat fields. Can be used ammonium bicarbonate, urea and other nitrogen fertilizers or diammonium phosphate, nitrate fertilizers and other nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. Phosphate such as calcium superphosphate should be added together with organic fertilizer after being mixed. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the soil fertility, the variety used, and the expected yield level. Generally 500-1000 kg organic fertilizer per acre, or ammonium bicarbonate 20-25 kg, 15-20 kg of superphosphate. The application of a small amount of high-quality organic fertilizer with seeds during sowing is a traditional fertilization method in the northern buckwheat producing areas and is commonly used in remote mountain areas. The specific approach is to mix manure or urine, or crushed poultry manure with seeds and soil, and spread it into the soil together with sowing. In recent years, the use of inorganic fertilizer as a seed fertilizer has been promoted. Generally, 5 kg of urea per acre and 15 kg of superphosphate are applied at the time of sowing, or 3–5 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied, but fertilizer and seeds are separated during application. To prevent burning seedlings. (d) sowing. 1, choose a good species. The improved varieties are the basis for the high yield of buckwheat, and they can be imported or selected from other regions. Generally, the following factors should be considered when selecting a variety: (1) The growth period is short. In particular, attention should be paid to changes in the growth period when introduced from different regions; (2) Yield performance. Including adaptability to different fertility conditions; (3) Resistance. Including drought resistance, lodging resistance, resistance to pests, cold, high temperature resistance; (4) quality. Including grain size, color and other properties, in our province should be selected for fast growth, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases and insects, high yield, growth period of 70 to 80 days of the species is appropriate. Therefore, introduction tests must be conducted before a new variety is widely promoted. 2, select seeds. The buckwheat seed is not resistant to storage, and the old seed viability is significantly reduced. The high yield of buckwheat should not only use good seeds, but also use high quality seeds. The purpose of the seed selection is to use full and clean seeds except for empty grains, grains, broken grains, grass grains and impurities. This can increase the germination rate of seeds and lay a foundation for cultivating strong seedlings. The selected methods include wind selection, screening, water selection and artificial selection. However, wind selection is not as good as water selection. 3, seed processing before sowing. Treatment methods include drying, soaking, dressing, stuffing and so on. Sowing seeds are sown 5 to 7 days before sowing. Choose sunny weather. From 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, spread the seeds in a thin layer at a sunny place in Yangyang. Turn them around frequently for 2 to 3 days. Warm soaking also has the effect of increasing the emergence rate and reducing pests and diseases. The method is to soak seeds in warm water of 40 degrees Celsius for 10 to 15 minutes, first remove and remove the cerium particles floating on the top, and then remove and grind the dried grains below to dry. Seed soaking with about 10% of the ash leaching solution, or soaking with boric acid, ammonium molybdate and other compounds containing trace elements of boron, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, can promote the growth and development of buckwheat, the effect of increasing production. In areas where the disease is severe, carbendazim, tetromycin, and quintozene can be used. In areas where the underground pests are severe, fungicides such as phoxim, phorate, and methylisophos should be selected. In order to shorten the time from sowing to emergence, and increase the seedling rate, it is possible to suffocate for 1 to 2 days after soaking in the warm soup, and sow the seed immediately when the seeds begin to sprout. 4, suitable for sowing. In our province, buckwheat is planted as back rake. The sowing date is determined by the wheat harvest period and the post-planting period. In the three-cropping areas of the two years, the buckwheat must mature before the early frost, and the most suitable sowing date is in mid-July, such as the east and west of Hexi. In two-year-old areas, such as Weinan, the most suitable sowing date is in mid-late July. This has ample time to farm tillage and fertilization, but also help to avoid high temperatures during flowering, so that the high yield of buckwheat. 5, sowing method. There are three kinds of broadcasting, on-demand broadcasting, and drilling. The sowing can be divided into two types: first, arable land, and after spreading seeds and first throwing grain. The advantage is that it is conducive to robbers after the rain sowing, labor-saving time, the disadvantage is that the seeds are thick and uneven, a depth of water, the emergence of missing. The on-demand method is to plow open trenches or dig a hole manually, then point the seeds together with the organic fertilizer into the ditch or pit ditch, and then cover the soil. Generally, 5000 to 6000 holes are sown per acre, and 10 to 15 seeds per hole. The advantage is that it is convenient for centralized fertilization and field management, with high emergence rate and good ventilation and light transmission. The disadvantage is that the plants are distributed into clumps, the single plant has a small area of ​​nutrients, the density is not easy to grasp, and the seeding is divided into seeding and ploughing. The general spacing is 20 to 30 centimeters. The method of ploughing is to use a plough to open the ditch, slide the seeds together with the organic fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover the soil. The advantage of seed drilling is that the depth of cover soil is basically the same, the seedling emergence rate is high, the seedlings are tidy, which is conducive to ventilation and ventilation, and is convenient for field management. However, the plough seeding is easy to spread and should be used during the summer sowing season. Sowing depth is generally 5 to 6 cm is appropriate, summer broadcast should be shallow, about 3 to 4 cm; ambiguity is easy to deeper, more good and easy to understand shallow; sandy soil should be deeper, clay soil easier shallow. 6, rational close planting. Reasonable close planting is an important measure for high yield of buckwheat. The actual planting density of buckwheat is mainly determined by the seeding rate and the emergence rate. The emergence rate is greatly affected by the quality of soil preparation, seeding methods, seed quality, soil quality, and other factors of sensation. Therefore, these factors must be taken into account before determining the seeding rate, and the seeding amount should be appropriately increased. If drilling under general conditions, seed 2.5 to 3 kg per mu, and sowing 5 kg per mu. Field management 1. Maintain seedlings. In addition to the need to do a good job of fine selection of new seeds before sowing, prevention and control of underground pests, etc., in the summer in the north of the summer area, they often encounter rain and surface compaction, resulting in severe lack of seedlings. Soil consolidation layer is also an important measure to ensure the whole seedlings. 2, weeding weeding. When buckwheat grows the first true leaf, it can be cultivated. If the number of sowing is too large, the cultivator should also sparse the seedlings, picking up the excess weak seedlings and carrying out the second cultivating before budding. If the fertilizer is topdressing, fertilizer should be spread first, and the fertilizer should be buried in the soil during cultivating. In the on-demand plots, seedlings should be cultivated at the same time in the cultivator, which can promote root development. 3, top dressing and watering. During the flowering period of buckwheat, the demand for nutrients and water is greatly increased. Insufficient nutrients or prolonged drought at this time will affect pollination and seed grain growth. The unfertilized plots before sowing, combined with the second cultivator, applied 2.5 to 3 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or 5 kilograms of urea per acre, which has a significant effect on yield increase. However, if the amount of topdressing fertilizer is too large, it will lead to lodgings or greediness. It can also be sprayed with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution. Where there is irrigation, shallow water should be promptly given in drought, and it is better to use irrigation or furrow irrigation. Buckwheat is a hi wet crop. The fact that the farmer has "Autumn Grasshoppers are not afraid of continuous rains" and "If you want to harvest wheat, you have to swim in a gully to swim in a loach," all fully illustrate this point. 4, auxiliary pollination. Buckwheat is a cross-pollination crop that is mainly pollinated by insects or winds. The insects are mainly bees and the wind pollination is very weak. Flowering bees during the flowering period can not only increase the buckwheat fruit-making capacity, but also increase the source of honey. However, where there are few bees, artificial pollination is needed to increase the seed setting rate. The number of seeds per plant can be as large as 100 to 200, which is an effective way to increase the income of buckwheat. General supplementary pollination was carried out at 10:00 a.m. to 5 p.m. on a sunny day. At this time, there was no dew, and when the flower was opened, the anther was opened and pollination was facilitated. The method is to use a fly of 20-25 meters in length and tie a narrow burlap. The two people pull the ends of the rope and reciprocate twice along the sides of the ground. When walking, let the burlap touch the flower part of buckwheat. Its shaking and shaking, once every 2 to 3 days, a total of 2 to 3 times can be granted. 5, prevention and treatment of pests and rats. Diseases of buckwheat, including blight, ringworm disease, brown spot disease, white mold and roundworms, armyworms, ground tigers, grasshoppers, hook moths, etc., as well as rodent pests. Disease prevention and control can be used 65% on behalf of the Zinc 500 times, or 20% Triadin 1000 times, or 0.5% equal Bordeaux spray; low paddy fields also need to be less water, reduce humidity, control disease. Pest control can be used 40% dimethoate 1000 times, or 80% dichlorvos 800 times. Or 18% insecticide cream 200 times spray. Do not use more than moderately toxic pesticides, so as not to increase the residue of pesticides in buckwheat grains and reduce the quality of buckwheat. The buckwheat rodent can be used as a rodenticide or an instrument to kill rats.