Red Adzuki Bean is one of the small grains of foreign exchange earned through exports, and has broad prospects for development. However, in the production of red adzuki beans, there are widespread areas of instability, the quality of sowing is not high, the time, the seedlings, the density of planting is arbitrary, only pay attention to the prevention and treatment of single diseases and pests, the lodging in the middle and late period, premature aging and other issues, which seriously restricts the production of red adzuki beans. The improvement. For this reason, in recent years, based on the selection of suitable varieties, we have carried out the "Ten Changes" technology test demonstration and achieved a good effect of increasing production and income. Specific technical points are as follows:
First, change the wheat harvest after early sowing for the appropriate late-planting red adzuki beans for short-day crops, sowing too early, easy to grow long, in the middle and late appear lodging creeping phenomenon; but can not be sown too late, otherwise it can not be normal maturity. The seeding period of summer sowing red soybeans in eastern Fujian should be changed from 20th to 25th of June. The seeds should be sown from June 23 to July 10.
Second, change the level of intercropping as intercropping between red beans and corn and other crops, compared to a flat red beans, can increase income of about 500 kilograms of corn or sorghum, effectively increase the income per unit area, to solve the problem of low annual red bean prices lower income. Intercropping high-stalk crops such as adzuki bean and corn, preferably in the form of 4:2 or 2:1 adzuki bean (corn or sorghum), that is, two rows of corn (or sorghum) intercropping with four rows of red adzuki beans, or one row of corn (or sorghum) intercropping 2 lines of red beans. The method of appropriately reducing the spacing between the corn plants can ensure the reasonable density and achieve high yields of red adzuki beans and corn.
Third, to change the shovel to sow planting for soil preparation after sowing sowing for soil preparation after sowing, can effectively solve the non-tillage sowing when planting, wheat stubble and straw affect the sowing quality, sowing weeds, clusters of wheat seedlings and other issues, effective Reduce seedlings and ridges to reduce pests and weeds.
Fourth, the change of livestock breeding sowing machine can achieve the same depth of seeding red beans, plant field distribution evenly, to achieve full Miao, Miao Qi, Miao uniform, Miao Zhuang. Red bean sowing machine can use corn planter or red bean special planter to sow, according to the required density, depth and amount of fertilizer to adjust the operating parameters of the sowing machine, sowing machine.
Fifth, change the "Bai Zi to the ground" as a seed pharmaceutical treatment At present, there is a common problem in the production of red adzuki bean directly untreated seeds "below the ground", serious pests and seedling pests and diseases. Therefore, to change the habit of “Blowing in the ground,†use seed dressing of 0.3% of 50% thiram or seed of 0.4% of phoxim by seed dressing before sowing. After the seed dressing, the seeds must be sown on the same day and cannot be overnight.
Six, to change the habit of fertilization for the purpose of formula fertilization in red adzuki bean production, farmers fertilization habits have two tendencies, one is not applying basic fertilizer, and second, the amount of base fertilizer is too large. The plots without base fertilizer often show defertilization in the middle and later stages, with premature senescence and serious diseases; the excessive fertilization amount of the plots appears to have excessive vegetative growth, and the adzuki bean plants are lodging and creeping. The customary fertilization method severely restricts the improvement of the yield of red adzuki bean, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined based on the soil fertility level. The general fertility level of the plot, the end of the application of DAP 10 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg, or the end of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium effective content of 15% of the compound fertilizer 15 to 17 kg; high fertility of acres of land 5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 3 kg of potassium sulfate, or 7 to 9 kg of compound fertilizer with effective nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 15% at the end; 15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 15 kg of potassium diammonium in poor fertility. 8 kg, or the effective content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at the end are all 15% compound fertilizer 17 to 20 kg.
VII. Retaining the whole seedlings for a certain period of time The phenomenon of inadequate seedlings after advent of red seedlings of adzuki bean seedlings is very prominent, resulting in overcrowding of soybean seedlings, competition for water, competition for fate and glory, and emergence of seedlings shortage; at the same time, the group is oversized and the development of seedlings in the field is uneven. Weak seedlings affect yield. Retain the whole seedlings as stable seedlings, set the seedlings in 2 to 4 true leaves to ensure the seedlings grow robustly.
8. Weeding by hand for chemical weeding Before the adzuki bean seedlings are sown, 12.5 percent of the harvested water per mu is sprayed with 80-100 ml of water, and 50-60 kg of water is sprayed. The soil is closed to prevent weeds and wheat seedlings. After emergence, if there are more weeds, take 2 to 4 leaf phases of red adzuki bean and 2 to 4 leaf phases of weeds, catch 80 to 100 ml with 12.5%, add 25% Huwei 60 to 80 ml, and 50 kg of water. Directional spray to control grass weeds and broadleaf weeds. Weeding should pay attention to strictly control the amount of drug, post-emergence weeding nozzle should wear a protective cover, the liquid can not be sprayed on the red bean plant to prevent herbicide harm.
Nine, change not to cultivator soil for flowering cultivator soil cultivating soil can help plants stand up red beans, effectively reduce plant lodging. For the plots that are not chemically weeded, they should generally be ploughed once at the seedling stage and flowering stage. In the previous period, weeds that had been chemically weeded were used to combine cultivating soil once in the flowering period.
Ten, change the single defense for the three anti-red adzuki bean production, there is a common single locust prevention and control alone, ignore the prevention and treatment of diseases and premature aging problems, resulting in a decline in grain weight, affecting the quality of red beans. Practice has proved that changing a single insecticide to prevent insects, prevent disease, and prevent premature aging "three defenses" is an effective measure to ensure the high yield and quality of red beans. The focus of pest control is on locusts and red spiders. The control of aphids can be controlled by spraying 2000-3000 times of 10% imidacloprid or 2000-3000 times of 50% avoiding fog. The control of red spiders is 8% of medium-sales killing emulsion of 50 ml per acre. +70% Mirage water dispersible granules 2 grams, spray 30 to 50 kilograms of water. Disease prevention is mainly to control brown spot, powdery mildew and rust. Brown spot is sprayed with 70% mancozeb 500 times solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution; powdery mildew is available 20% triadimefon 2000 times solution Or 12.5% ​​speed Baoli 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid spray control; rust disease in the early stages of disease, with 20% perchlor application of Trimethoprim EC 70 ~ 100 ml, 20 ~ 30 kg of water spray. To prevent premature aging, red adzuki bean is sprayed with 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the middle and later stages. The application of microelement fertilizer can be carried out simultaneously with the control of pests in the middle and later stages. Spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2 or 3 times, spray 20 days before harvest.
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