There are many methods for pruning apple trees in summer and autumn, but they are often complicated and it is difficult for fruit growers to master them. Instead of other traditional complex techniques such as girdling, circumcision, pull-twist, and sculpting, the method of segmental branching can also obtain the effect of moderate tree robustness, reduced disease and insect damage, and the ability to produce bunches of fine fruit year after year. The specific method is as follows:
First, the principle of diversion
By subdividing branches of strong or imaginary branches, especially oblique branches on the back, the organizational structure of the branches is destroyed, and the energy supply and output of the transferred energy is reduced, thereby inhibiting its vegetative growth. At the same time, the nutrients produced by photosynthesis have also been effectively intercepted and forced to accumulate nutrients, which has played a multiple role in inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and balanced growth. In line with fruit tree growth results habits, branches stretched, branches robust, air and light transmission, nutritional balance, the production of a big color.
Second, the role of diversion
The use of segmental branching for the strong twigs or the fruit and the auxiliary twigs of the current year can replace complex summer cutting techniques such as sculpting, topping, and cap trimming, and it also has the effect of forming high-quality flower buds and promoting fruit enlargement before the middle of June. ; The perennial branch base 30 to 50 centimeters strong and weak junctions using segmented branching more to promote the base, the rear part of the flower, and reduce the role of pests and diseases.
Third, the effect of diversion
The practice of many years of production shows that after being diverted, the result of the diversion can not only receive the effect of early fruit, high yield, and high quality, but also can achieve the purpose of simplifying the cultivation and production of high-quality and high-grade fruit, and at the same time, it can also reduce the early defoliation.
Fourth, the object of diversion
Branches with less perennial results and less prone to drooping afterwards, and those with strong lignification or strong shoots with strong lignification in the past may adopt multi-stage branching methods.
Fifth, the time of diversion
Roughly speaking, the whole growing season can be, strictly speaking, divided into three times, namely: before and after germination, from May to mid-June and from August to mid-September. Tests have shown that as long as the organic apple fertilization standards are strictly controlled in coordination with spraying on the trees, each demonstration garden will be as simple as mutatis mutandis, as long as it continuously uses 1 to 2 years of branching.
Sixth, the location and angle of the branch
Generally, branches are transferred at strong and weak junctions, and the strong twigs are rotated 180 degrees.
Seven, the method of diversion
1. To the branch from the base, which side has space, turn to which side; for the upright or side branch too thick branches can be live from the base, and then use the left thumb to stick up the branches and hold the diverted Outside, the other four fingers grip the base, about 33 centimeters from the base, with the right thumb down along the branches and the thumb of the left thumb to grab the other fingers, the other fingers grip the waist of the diverted, both hands at the same time , Rotate in the same direction, while pressing firmly downwards and clockwise rotation, press down the angle of 90 ~ 120 degrees, the rotation angle is 180 degrees, you can turn the anteroposterior branch into a semi-lateral pendulous. From the base to the branch, it is necessary to achieve the continuous effect of splitting the base. In the course of the transfer, when a clear click was heard and a 3 to 5 cm shear crack appeared at the base, the branching effect was achieved.
2. For oblique branch, from 15 to 25 centimeters from the base, 1 branching is performed every 15 to 20 centimeters, and it is transferred to half or half pendulous.
3. For weaker branches with strong front and back weakness, you can transfer branches from strong and weak junctions, and switch to the position of the yin and yang planes.
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