In 1992, the United States’ international scientific publication “Science†gave a prominent report on the research findings of Dr. Wei Zhongmin, a Chinese scholar, during the work of Cornell University on Harpin, an elicitor inducing plant allergic reactions to plant pathogenic bacteria, for the first time revealing how plants are Recognizing the infestation of pathogenic bacteria and responding to it, inducing the mysteries of systemic resistance, is considered a major scientific breakthrough and has received special funding from the U.S. government. Later, through the joint efforts of Dr. Weizhong Zhong and experts from Eden Biotech, the protein elicitor produced by the phytopathogenic bacteria was developed into an agricultural biotechnology product that is environmentally friendly and safe for humans and animals. In the United States, the product name is Messenger (means messenger). The dosage form is 3% microgranules. In 2000, it was registered in the United States and was listed by the EPA as a residue-free pesticide product that was approved for use on all crops. In 2001, he was again awarded the "Green Chemistry Challenge Award" by the President of the United States and was called "a green revolution in plant protection and safe production of agricultural products." It has been widely used in tobacco, vegetables and fruits in the United States, Mexico, Spain and other countries. In 2001, it was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (ICAMA) and obtained a temporary registration certificate for pesticides. The license number is: LS200160. The first batch is recommended for use on tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, and rapeseed. Due to its unique mechanism of action and obvious disease prevention, insect resistance, and yield increase effects, it has received extensive attention from experts and scholars in China. First, the characteristics of Kang Zhuangsu The active ingredient of Kang Zhuangsu is a kind of hypersensitivity protein, chemically known as HarpinEa, consists of 403 amino acids, molecular weight is about 44 KD, is rich in glycine (21%), does not contain cysteine Amino acid. The accession number for the gene sequence is AAC 31644. Its main characteristics are as follows: 1. After promoting the growth of roots, the plant roots are developed, and the hair roots and fibrous roots are increased, and the amount of dry matter and fertilizers, especially the amount of potassium (K), is significantly increased. This not only contributes to the growth of the above-ground part of the plant, but also can increase the tolerance and endurance of the crop to some short-term adverse environmental factors such as drought, low temperature and early frost, and can also increase the resistance to soil-borne diseases including nematodes. 2. To promote the growth of stems and leaves After using Compositive, the plants generally exhibit stout stem sections, leafy leaves, bright color, strong growth, and robust plants. The plant protection institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences tested on tobacco in 2001 and treated with Kangzhuangsu 15-30mg/kg 3 times, the plant height increased by 1.1%-2.8% compared with the control, the stem circumference increased by 2%-2.9%, the maximum leaf area Increased 57.95 to 116.29 cm2. 3. Promoting fruit growth After using Combo, the fruit setting rate of Solanaceous vegetables is generally increased, the single fruit is increased in weight, and the individual fruit is even and tidy. In 2003, Sun Rongxiang, a vegetable grower in Liulu Village, Liulu Township, Shouguang City, used two doses of 30mg/kg of Kangsunsu in his tomato shed on May 10 and June 1st. He was investigated on June 16th. Unused leaves are compact compared to leaves, green leaves, leaf stretch, thick flesh, plant height increased by 5.7%, fruit set rate increased by 4.7%, single fruit quality 120g, an increase of 6.2%, and a well-proportioned, mature fruit color bright, single Increased production by 21.5%. 4. Enhancing photosynthetic activity and increasing photosynthetic rate and efficiency The researchers of Eden Corporation of America used the Li-CorLi6400 photosynthesis instrument to measure the test crops. The photosynthetic rate of the asparagus treated by Kangsunsu was 62.4% higher than that of the untreated one. The photosynthetic efficiency of tomatoes treated with Combo for 1 day increased 19.8%, and 4d increased by 25.4%. The results of the study suggest that the photosynthetic rate at least 4 days after the first use of Comstar was higher than the basal level. 5. Accelerate the process of plant growth and development, and promote the early flowering and ripening of the crop The Shanghai Institute of Garden Research conducted a test on cineraria in 1999-2000. It was found that the treatment with Kangsunsu was 7-10 days earlier than the untreated one. According to the practice of production and application in the United States, Eden Company specifically reminded tomato growers that they should prepare for harvesting 1-2 weeks ahead of schedule. 6. Good effect of induced disease resistance Professor Wang Jinsheng of Nanjing Agricultural University has arranged more than 250 field trials for more than 40 kinds of crops in China since 1997. The results show that Kangzhuangsu has different degrees of resistance to about 60 diseases. Disease effect. The induction effect on pepper virus disease was 40.7%-63.3%, the highest was 96.9%; the induction effect on tomato leaf mold was 70.1%; the induction effect on strawberry gray mold was 61.2%; and the resistance to cucumber powdery mildew was induced. Up to 66.1%; The induction effect against cucumber downy mildew reached 56.4%; The wheat aphid could mitigate the harm 84.9%; The rice stem borer could reduce the harm by 43%; The resistance control effect against rape sclerotinia disease was 58.2% ~ 73.69%; effective and stable for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The induced effect in the greenhouse can reach about 70%. For this reason, Eden Inc. will use 60% of the resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as an important indicator of whether the HarpinEa hypersensitivity protein activity is acceptable or not. 7. Reducing the harm of postharvest diseases and prolonging shelf life of agricultural products HarpinEa hypersensitivity protein not only has the function of inducing disease resistance during the crop growth period, but also has a significant effect on reducing post-harvest diseases. The Eden company treated the harvested tomatoes with 15mg/kg of Combo and 5mmolkpO4 buffer. After 1 week, the fruit surface was inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis Cinerea (content of 105 spores/mL). Stored at 18 °C, about 20d investigation. The condition index after tomato treatment was 44% lower than that of the untreated control group. 8. Improve quality, increase product grade, increase production and increase income Hunan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Plant Protection Institute conducted a test on peppers in 2000, and analyzed the intrinsic quality, after the treatment of Kangzhuangsu 30mg/kg 2 times than the water control The dry matter content in the plot increased by 29.4%, the capsaicin content increased by 11.6%, the Vc content increased by 48.9%, and the yield increased by 63.25%. Second, the mechanism of a unique mechanism of action of HarpinEa compared with commonly used pesticides, there are two significant differences: (a) is not toxic to pathogenic organisms and pests, can not be directly bactericidal against disease and insecticide, but by improving the plant's own immunity And the quality of the plant resists pest and other adverse environmental effects. (b) Not hormones, nor hormones, but hormones. It is used as a signal that comes into contact with plant surface receptors to generate growth regulation in plants. Scientific research shows that HarpinEa is a protein elicitor coded by the gram-negative bacterial hrp gene (ie, a special compound that can induce plants to produce defense responses and enhance plant growth and development functions), and only acts as a first messenger. Contact with signal receptors (also known as receptors) on the surface of the plant, which means that it is in action. At present, Eden's scientists have confirmed the presence of this receptor on the surface of plants. The receptor contains 284 amino acids and has a molecular weight of about 30 KD. When HarpinEa sprays onto the plant surface, it is quickly recognized and received by a specific protein receptor, HrBP1, on the surface of the plant, and a second messenger is then generated, activating the plant's signaling system. This signal is continuously transmitted both intracellularly and between cells, which continuously enhances transcription and translation, thereby activating the expression of a variety of defense genes in plants and synthesizing disease-responsive enzymes, including disease-associated proteins and bioactive substances that are conducive to the healthy growth of plants. Finally, it showed resistance against pathogens and some pests, which inflicted the plants with the ability to fight pests and reduce biological effects of pests. At the same time, through the adjustment of plant growth and development-related regulatory factors and the adjustment of complex physiological and biochemical activities, the plant's robust growth and development functions have been enhanced. Eden's researchers further found that HarpinEa through HrBP1 can at least open up four signal transduction pathways in plants. The first is the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated conduction pathway that scholars are familiar with. The main role of this pathway is to make plants produce allergic reactions (HR) and systemic resistance (SAL) to various diseases, as well as to induce flowering, heat resistance and low temperature. Their study also demonstrated that Harpin induces the expression of Eds5 and npr1 genes necessary for disease resistance in plants, resulting in a high level of accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), reactive oxygen species (H2O2), and disease-associated proteins (PR_1, PR_2) in plants. . The second is a JA-mediated conduction pathway. The third is an ethylene (ETH)-mediated conduction pathway. Jasmonic acid and ethylene are indispensable materials for plant signaling. The opening of these two signal transduction pathways has proved to be beneficial to the improvement of plant resistance to disease, insect resistance, resistance to resistance, and regulation of plant growth and development. Jasmonic acid can promote rooting and increase the dry weight of adventitious roots, and increase the resistance of rice seedlings to low temperature (5-7°C, 3d) and high temperature (46°C, 24h). In addition to the induction of resistance to diseases and insect resistance, the main physiological effects of ethylene are to promote maturation, promote flowering, promote root growth, differentiation, and formation of adventitious roots. Harpin induces the normal expression of JAR1 and EIN2 through the induction of these two signaling pathways, thereby accumulating the two marker defense gene products PDF1.2 and Thi2.1. These two products are small molecular weight antibacterial proteins rich in cysteine. The fourth signal transduction pathway is also a new discovery by researchers at Eden. This pathway is mainly to increase the resistance to pathogenic bacteria. The specific mechanism is still under study. Why does HarpinEa induce plants to have so many effects on tens of diseases and some pests showing varying degrees of resistance and robust growth? The main reason: On the one hand because HarpinEa is a non-specific elicitor, many plants have receptors that receive its signal. On the other hand, the evoked signal can activate and unblock multiple signaling systems, thereby inducing plants to produce a broad spectrum of physiological effects that induce disease resistance and promote growth and yield increase. Third, micro-toxic safety Kang Zhuangsu is a natural biological protein products, male and female rats oral LD50> 5000mg/kg, percutaneous LD50> 6 000mg/kg, the United States EPA (EPA) as micro-toxic pesticides, harmless to humans It is safe for crops, the environment, and natural enemies. HarpinEa sprayed onto the surface of the plant is recognized as the first messenger after being recognized and accepted by the receptor protein HrBP1, and the proteosome 3 to 4d will be naturally degraded without residue, and therefore is listed as an exemption residue by the US EPA. Pesticide products. Fourth, easy to use General for every 667m2 with 15g, 15 ~ 30kg of water, before the crop seedling or transplanting, early flowering, young fruit to harvest, every 15 ~ 20d evenly sprayed once, a total of 3 to 5 spray Times. The United States sprays more than 10 times, according to the characteristics of fruit, vegetables, tobacco, tea, herbs, flowers, market economic benefits, input-output ratio and application experience should be increased or decreased. The activity of Harpin is sensitive to chlorine, strong acids, strong alkalis, strong oxidants, ionic fertilizers, and strong UV rays. Attention should be paid when using it to ensure its activity and effectiveness.