Repeated years of planting potatoes, pests and diseases have increased year by year, coupled with abundant rain and warm and humid climate, resulting in wilting and drooping of potato plants. What is this disease?
In fact, this is caused by potato bacterial wilt. Bacterial wilt occurs every year in the local area, and the incidence of some plots can reach 30-40%. In severe cases, it can cause no harvest. Potato bacterial wilt affects the yield and quality of potato. How do we identify potato bacterial wilt and how to prevent and control bacterial wilt?
I. Symptom recognition of potato bacterial wilt
1. Performance of bacterial wilt on leaves
The potato leaves were pale green, the lower leaves first wilted, and the whole plant drooped, the stems and leaves wilted and died, and the veins turned brown, but the leaves remained green and did not fall.
2, the performance of bacterial wilt on the stem
The potato stems were infected with brown streaks, and the peeling of the potato vascular bundles became brown.
3, the performance of bacterial wilt on the tuber
Tuber infection, the umbilical part of the umbilical area is gray-brown water-immersed when the disease occurs, when the extrusion can overflow the milky white mucus, but the potato meat and endothelial tissue are not separated. The diseased potato buds are invaded and cannot germinate.
Second, the incidence of potato bacterial wilt
1. The pathogenic bacteria are in the soil with the diseased tissue, or invade the potato pieces in the mantle for wintering, and can also be stagnated in the soil for more than one year.
2. When the seed is planted, the bacteria are transmitted to the healthy potato through the cutter. The field can be transmitted through root contact, watering, rainwater, etc.
3, the pathogenesis of the pathogen is 30-37 degrees Celsius, the general soil water content is high, after continuous rainy weather, the temperature rises sharply and the incidence is heavy.
Third, the prevention and control measures of potato bacterial wilt
1. Carry out rotations with cruciferous or gramineous crops for more than 4 years, preferably with grass crops for water and drought rotation.
2. Selection of resistant varieties is the best way to control potato bacterial wilt. It is necessary to pay attention to the source of seed potatoes and ensure the quality of seed potatoes.
3. Choose disease-free plots for planting or nursery, and use sorghum cultivation to avoid flooding.
4. Strengthen cultivation management and pay attention to the use of organic fertilizer. When applying base fertilizer, 75-100kg/mu of organic fertilizer can be combined to improve soil environment, improve soil permeability, increase soil organic matter, and inhibit the growth of soil-borne bacteria. Thereby reducing the occurrence of bacterial wilt. Soil disinfection should be carried out before planting to kill the bacteria. It can be applied with three 2-3kg + carbendazim 0.5-1kg mixed with fine soil, and then turned over. (Note: 15-20 days after the drug is administered again)
5, the seed potato should be cut into the disinfection of the cutting knife. The cutter can be disinfected with 75% alcohol to reduce the spread of bacterial wilt.
6, chemical control can be sprayed in the seedling stage (plant height of about 20cm) foliar application 800-1000 times, can effectively prevent and control potato bacterial wilt, for the heavier plants should be cleared out of the field in time to reduce the source of bacteria.
The southwestern region is the most severely endangered by bacterial wilt in potato producing areas. Potato bacterial wilt is a relatively serious bacterial disease, so it should follow the principle of “preventing position and treatment as a supplementâ€. It is the key to prevention and cure of bacterial wilt by disinfecting the soil before planting and selecting high-quality seed potatoes. Rational use of organic fertilizer, improvement of soil organic matter, rational use of medicines, and good management of pastoral work, timely removal of plants with heavy disease should be carried out and buried outside the park and disinfected with lime on the diseased points to effectively control potato bacterial wilt.
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