After entering the deep winter season, the management of vegetables is more important. If you want to improve the yield and quality of cucumber, you should pay attention to the following management points.
The deep winter period refers to March in the coming year of December. The temperature of the outside (open field) is below 0 °C. At this time, the light time is short, the intensity is weak, and the low temperature is the key to directly affect the yield of wintering cucumber. In January, if the management is not proper, there will be a flower head (melon topping), melon, melon strips shortened, less stabs, shortened internodes, yellow leaves, and even gold leaf edging, especially during the planting period. Cucumbers in the early autumn and winter are more serious.
Although the symptoms are expressed in the stems, leaves and flowers of the ground, the root cause is that the plant sees light for a short time and has a low temperature. In addition, the weather is low due to the rain, rain, fog and snow, the underground roots are poorly grown, and the main roots are yellow and absorbed. The capillary roots of nutrients are significantly reduced, which leads to the growth of cucumber plants.
First, temperature management
1. On a sunny morning, when the sun shines on the lighting surface of the greenhouse, it is necessary to uncover the opaque cover. After the uncovering, the temperature will drop slightly by about 1 °C, and the temperature will rise quickly in a short time. When the temperature dropped by 1.5-2 °C, the proof was revealed early, and the grasshopper was uncovered a little later on the next day.
2. When the temperature in the greenhouse rises to 28 °C, start ventilation, the outlet should be smaller. If the temperature drops 1.5-2 °C, close the vent, the temperature at noon reaches 30-32 °C, and then open the small air inlet for 30-50 minutes. When the temperature drops to 26 ° C, close the tuyere. When the temperature drops to 20 °C, it is necessary to put grass or heat preservation. If the next day is cloudy or rainy and snowy, it is necessary to put grass in the greenhouse at 22 °C, cover the stored heat and protect the ground temperature so that the greenhouse is the lowest. The temperature is kept above 10 °C. If it is below 8 °C for a long time (or even lower), the cucumber will grow weak and the yield will be significantly reduced.
3. The root temperature of 10 cm of cucumber root growth should be above 15 °C, and the suitable temperature is 20-23 °C. When the local temperature is lower than 18 °C, the physiological activity of roots is weakened, and when it is below 12 °C, growth stops.
4. When encountering continuous foggy weather, the management of the greenhouse should be based on heat preservation, and the grasshopper or heat preservation should be properly covered and covered early. If you encounter rain or snow, as long as the amount of rain and snow is not large at noon, you can uncover the grass and see the scattered light for 1 to 2 hours, or cover the rain film to the shed surface after uncovering, which can effectively slow down the temperature. If the continuous rain and snow weather exceeds 3 days, the temperature in the greenhouse will drop significantly.
5. In the management, on the premise of heat preservation, add grass cover on the front side of the greenhouse in the evening, or warm it up properly. Use the brazier, firewood and other braziers that do not smoke after ignition, and walk back and forth in the greenhouse. Can effectively increase the temperature.
6. In addition, after a cloudy day, suddenly, the temperature in the greenhouse should not heat up too quickly. At 23 °C, ventilation should be started. When the plants are snoring, the surface fertilizer should be sprayed in time. The purpose is to increase the indoor air humidity. To reduce the adverse effects of sudden high temperatures. When the temperature rises above 28 °C, the plant will appear again after snoring. At this time, it is necessary to cover the grass, and properly shading. After the noon, the plant will return to normal and the grasshopper will be pulled again. In the evening, the grass can be covered as early as possible, and the temperature should be raised to the ground. The next day, if there is still snoring, the plants should be sprayed under the premise of timely ventilation, such as chlorothalonil plus streptomycin plus foliar fertilizer. At noon, when you have a nap, you can reduce the shading time appropriately, and resume normal management on the third day.
Second, increase lighting
In the deep winter, it is necessary to clean the dust on the shed film in time to increase the light intensity. In the ventilation management, the air inlet should be closed early in the afternoon (about 26 °C), and the indoor temperature will rise by 1-2 °C after closing the air outlet. This will store the temperature in the column, wall and ground, which will help to improve the ground temperature and promote growth and development. The indoor temperature of the early closing air outlet is relatively increased, which can effectively delay the time of covering the grass, and more common light. If there is a greenhouse with a reflective screen, after the noon, the reflective curtain can be tied up, the wall will be stored with heat, and the reflective curtain will be placed before the grass is placed in the evening.
Third, watering and topdressing
(1) During the winter, the crops grow slowly, the water evaporation is relatively reduced, and the watering amount is not too large. Generally, watering and topdressing are combined, every 12-15 days.
(2) When watering is required, it is necessary to first check whether the plant is dehydrated or not. See if the plant tendrils are curled. When the water is not lacking, the tendrils are generally straightened after being unfolded, and the tendrils will curl when water is scarce. If the phenomenon of snoring occurs before and after noon, the cause of snoring must be judged first. The reasons may be: drought, excessive temperature, excessive spray concentration, excessive dose of medicine during fumigation, and excessive smog time. Cloudy days, sudden sunny days, and low ground temperatures can also cause snoring.
(3) It depends on whether the soil is dehydrated. If it covers the mulch, there will be a layer of water vapor under the membrane. If there is a lack of water in the 5-10 cm deep layer under the membrane, holding the group by hand means no water shortage. The group and the landing are scattered, indicating lack of water.
(4) Pay attention to the weather forecast before watering. When watering, choose cold water after the cold flow. After watering, increase the temperature in the shed indoors. It is better to reach 32°C at noon. At this time, ventilation is beneficial to reduce Air humidity, increase ground temperature.
(5) Combination of watering and topdressing. During the deep winter, the growth of cucumber is slow, and the absorption of nutrients is relatively small. When topdressing, it can be applied once every 15 days according to the time of watering. When selecting NPK water soluble fertilizer, the application amount should be relatively reduced. It is also possible to apply water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid or fulvic acid or chitin to supplement the trace elements. It can also use humic acid water soluble fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium water soluble fertilizer combined with water. For example, in the period of cucumber harvest, 10 kg of humic acid water soluble fertilizer plus 10-12 kg of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium water soluble fertilizer per mu, basically meet the needs of cucumber growth. After the harvest period, it is necessary to apply 15-20 kg of NPK balanced water soluble fertilizer to promote the melon.
(6) It is impossible to water the water in continuous rainy days. It can be combined with spraying pesticides and foliar fertilizers, such as rejuvenation dew, calcium galore, golden carat, chitin, seaweed fertilizer, etc.
Fourth, plant adjustment
Cucumbers must continue to fall, the old leaves, the tendrils, the thin melons, etc. throughout the growing season. Some farmers’ friends only work in a convenient way. The two rows of cucumbers are close together, and the leaves of the cucumbers are shaded, which is easy to happen. Downy mildew, epidemic disease, gray mold, etc., it is recommended to pull the cucumber vines 10-15 cm in the middle of the walkway, so that the walkway forms a line wide and a narrow line, wide line is conducive to field management, The narrow rows of blades fully receive the sunlight and improve the ground temperature.
In addition, it is not easy to drop too low at the time of plant fall. The closer to the shed film in the solar greenhouse, the more heat there is, the stronger the light, so the plant height should be kept above 1.5 meters when the plants are falling, and the leaves should be kept at about 15 pieces.
In the adjustment of the plant, it is necessary to choose the dry dew after the dry day, and spray the medicine in time to prevent the blight, blight and bacterial diseases caused by the wound after the pruning.
V. Disease prevention
Precaution-based, regular application of protective agents. You can take the medicine before the watering and before the cold current. In the deep winter, the light is weak and the temperature is low. If the humidity is high, it will cause epidemics, gray mold, and sclerotinia. After watering, it is necessary to increase the temperature in the shed to facilitate the drainage. At the same time, increasing the ground temperature can promote the absorption of water and nutrients by cucumber and inhibit the occurrence of various diseases.
Foliar fertilizer and growth regulators, such as rejuvenating dew, fish protein, brassinolide, and inducing hormone, should be added to improve the stress resistance of the crop.
For the disease that has already occurred, it is necessary to use targeted drugs, such as spraying Batai + allicin + rejuvenation; for gray mold, with mycoxamide + agricultural streptomycin + calcium galax, or iprodione + neutrophin + Fish protein; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can be sprayed with sclerotia net + neomycin + linolenic lactone.
In the prevention and treatment of diseases, several agents can be applied alternately, or foliar spray can be applied in combination with aerosols, such as chlorothalonil aerosol, serotonin aerosol, etc., which can effectively control the occurrence and development of diseases.
After entering the deep winter festival, how to manage cucumber cultivation, Huinong.com has compiled the above five points for everyone. The farmers who need it can come and study!
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