Section 1. Morphological characteristics and living habits Yellow croaker, commonly known as dichotomy fish, yellow gull, yellow ladin, yellow finfish, etc., are more widely distributed in rivers, lakes, ditches and other waters in China. It is a high-quality precious economic fish. . The fish has large output, delicate meat, less thorns, delicious taste, rich nutrition, and high medicinal value. It is very popular in domestic and foreign markets, especially the large-size fresh fish is in short supply. The stingray is long, flattened, slightly flattened in the rear part of the body, and has a large, flat head, a round blunt kiss, a large split mouth, a lower jaw, a slightly longer upper jaw than the lower jaw, and villous fine teeth in the upper and lower jaws. Eyes small, lateral, slightly elevated septum. Four pairs are required. The nose must reach the posterior edge of the eye, and the maxilla must be the longest. After reaching the base of the pectoral fin, the jaw must be two pairs, and the pair on the outer side should be longer than the inside pair. The body is dark brown on the back, yellow on the side of the body, and 3 pieces of intermittent black stripes. The belly is light yellow and the fins are gray and black. Stingrays are omnivorous fish that are mainly carnivorous. Foraging activities are usually carried out at night. Food includes small fish, shrimps, various terrestrial and aquatic insects (especially chironomid larvae), small molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, and sometimes small fish. The food habits vary with the environment and the seasons. In spring and summer, the fish eggs of other fish are often swallowed. In the cold season, there are more small fishes in the food and the number of benthic animals gradually decreases. Different specifications of yellow snapper have different food habits, body length 2-4 cm, mainly feeding on copepods and Cladocera; individual body length of 5-8 cm, mainly feeding on zooplankton and aquatic insects; individuals more than 8 cm, Feed mollusks and small fish. Artificial breeding can feed minced fish, shrimp and mollusks, and it is necessary to feed animal feed and artificial feed, but it is best to use compound feeds, supplemented by animal fresh live feeds. In natural waters, the growth rate of the stingray is slow, and its market size is small, which affects the market development to a certain extent. Therefore, artificial breeding of yellow catfish is imperative. Section II. Ponds raising stingrays 1. Pond conditions: Stingrays are poor in tolerance to hypoxia and require high ecological conditions. Choose ponds with adequate water sources, fresh water, and convenient drainage and drainage, with an area of ​​2~5 acres. Diping 32 Tan, silt 10cm ~ 20cm, water depth 1.5 ~ 1.8m, the pond inlet with a 30 mesh sieve mesh filter to prevent wild fish and other predators access. 2. Qingtang Peihui: Before the fish is released, the water is drained for the first half month. Use quicklime 125 ~ 150kg/mu plus crystallized trichlorfon 1.5kg/mu, or the enemy kills 1 bottle of Quanchiposa by disinfecting and completely killing pathogenic organisms. About 5 to 7 days after the disinfection, about 80 cm of fresh water is injected. After fermentation, good chicken manure or cow dung and 200 kg of manure are used for water per acre for 7 to 10 days. When there are a large number of plankton in the pond, they can be planted. 3. Fish stocking: In general, stocks of yellow catfish are to be stocked in June. They are required to have a healthy, disease-free, neat and stocking size of 2 to 4cm. They are stocked with 150,000 to 20,000 tails per mu. The specific number of stocking should be based on pond conditions, food abundance and the level of individual farming. After a week of seedling reduction, about 200 cm of carp seedlings should be placed on about 20 cm per acre to regulate water quality. When the fish are stocked, they are dipped in 3% saline for 15 minutes. 4. Feeding: In the first week after entering the pond, the yellow catfish fed the zooplankton. 3 to 5 days after the start of domestication, feeding fresh minced fish meat minced with a meat grinder, mixed with 10% of cod, soft-shelled turtle or frog feed and other compound feed mixed into dough to feed. Domestication and feeding methods: Set up 4 to 6 feed stands on the side of the pond. Each feed table has a size of 1m*1m. It is made of fine mesh cloth, set at a water depth of 50cm, and placed on the feed table every day. Feeding is divided into 2 feedings. The feeding amount is 1/3 in the morning from 7:00 to 8:00, and the feeding amount is 2/3 in the evening from 18:00 to 20:00. After 10 days of acclimation, they were withdrawn to 1~2 feed tables in the pool. If it is a stingray summer flower that has been domesticated and eats artificial meat, the feed can be fed directly to the 1 to 2 bait stations in the pool. When the body length of the stingray reaches 5cm or more, it is possible to add 20% to 30% of plant feed such as soybean meal, vegetable seed meal, peanut meal, and corn meal to the meat sturgeon. The daily feeding amount depends on the fish body weight and the pool water temperature. When the water temperature is below 20°C, the feeding amount accounts for 1%~3% of the fish's body weight. When the water temperature is above 20°C, the feeding amount accounts for 4% of the fish's body weight~ 6 %. 5. Day-to-day management: Grasp the appropriate water depth, keep the depth of the fish when the fishes are in the pool from 70 to 80cm, and gradually deepen to 1.5~1.8m as the water temperature increases. Control the pool water fertility, maintain the transparency in 30~40cm, add new water regularly, and generally fill the water every 10~15 days. Adjust the water quality of the pond; Sprinkle lime once every 10 months with lime water 10kg/mu, and regularly disinfect the water once a month with sterilizing agent such as chlorine dioxide. Feed the baits once a month, add 0.6 g tetracycline per kilogram of feed, once a day, and feed for 3 days. Each pond is equipped with a 1.54kW aerator, and it is reasonable to turn on oxygen for the sake of weather and water quality. 6. Prevention of fish diseases: During the breeding period, adhere to the principle of prevention. Water bodies, foods, live fish foods are sterilized on a regular basis and drug baits are administered. The common diseases of yellow catfish are mainly enteritis, hemorrhagic edema disease and so on. Prevention of enteritis disease, regularly add 1% salt or garlic juice in the feed to prevent. During the treatment, Chloride Chloride Quanchiposa was used, and sulfamethoxazole baits were administered for 5 consecutive days. Treatment of hemorrhagic edema disease, with strong Chloride or chlorine dioxide Quanchiposa, used for 3 days. At the same time, tetracycline was added to the diet and fed for 5 days. The stingray is a scaleless fish. Its tolerance to commonly used aquatic drugs is less than that of the four major ones. It is sensitive to copper sulfate, trichlorfon, and potassium permanganate, and should be used with caution. In the third quarter, polyculture stingrays in the polyculture ponds of fish ponds have the following advantages: First, they can feed small and medium-sized fish, shrimp, fish residues, organic debris, and zooplankton in the pool, and increase the net production of fish ponds. Second, parasites, such as oystercatchers, are used to feed water in stingrays, which can reduce the occurrence of fish diseases. Third, on the basis of not affecting the output of the main cultivated species, 200-250kg of stingray per acre will be raised, which can increase income by several thousand yuan. 1. Adult fish pond polyculture: Adult fish ponds are mixed with stingrays. There are no strict requirements for the species of fish that the pond raises. Ponds for rearing four major domestic fish and ponds for feeding main food-eating fish (such as eel, squid, tilapia, freshwater whitefish) can be mixed with stingrays, generally with 2000 to 3000 tails per mu. ~5cm. 2. Pro-fish pond polyculture: The water space in the broodstock pool can be fully utilized to increase the utilization of the broodstock pool, and the stingrays can ingest some small wild fish in the pro-fish pond that compete with the broodstock for oxygen consumption. After the broodstock is artificially propagated, 3000 to 5000 tails of stingrays can be stocked per acre, with specifications of 4~6cm. 3. Polyculture in rivers and trenches: There are more mid- and low-level miscellaneous fishes in the river rafts. The mixed bastards can save artificial bait, typically 1,000 to 2,000 tails per mu, and 4 to 6 cm in size for yellow sturgeons. 4. Large-water surface polyculture: Dashui surface (reservoir, lake) Polycultured stingrays have a high population yield, which does not affect the yield of the main breeding species and does not require additional feeding. Generally, it is between 3000 and 5000 tails per acre, and the size is 5-8 cm. Section IV Cage Culture Straw catfish stingray cage culture, either large water surface can be used for large floating cages, or small cages can be set up for pond rearing. Here are the small cage culture techniques for ponds: 1 . Cage Setup (1) The ponds that set up the cages require sufficient water, fresh water, an area of ​​5 to 10 mu, and a water depth of 2.0 to 2.4 m. (2) The cages are made of polyethylene mesh sheets. The mesh size is 1.0~1.5cm. The cage size is generally 4m*2m*2m. (3) The cage is fixedly formed with 6 bamboo baskets and inserted into the pond. The cage area does not exceed 50% of the total pond area. 2. Stocking requirements (1) The time from the beginning of June to the end of July, the stocking size is generally about 5cm, and the stocking density is 40-50 fishes/m2. (2) Feed feeding is the same as pond culture. The ponds that set up the cages should be filled with new water regularly, and the whole pond should be spilled regularly. Inspect the tanks twice a day sooner or later to check if the cages are damaged. Regularly disinfect the cages with four-tenths of salt and four-ten thousandths of the baking soda mixture. Disinfect the baits regularly and clean the net regularly. Management should pay attention to the following matters: 1. To maintain a high dissolved oxygen in the water body, it is necessary to add new water in a timely manner in the growing season; it is better to keep microfluidic water. 2. Maintain a reasonable stocking density and stocking specifications. According to the water body diet biomass, the stocking specifications and quantity should be reasonably determined. If the density is too large and the specification is too small, the market specification will not be reached at the end of the year. 3. It is no longer suitable for the polyculture of other carnivorous fish after polyculture of stingrays in fish ponds. It is not appropriate to breed stingrays in the culture ponds of freshwater giant shrimp and crayfish. 4. During the breeding process, if the size of the stingray is found to be too small, it indicates that the natural food in the pool is not enough, and small trash fish and shrimp can be properly added, and the home fish can spend summer or feed artificially prepared stingray bait. ![]()
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