In the spring greenhouse, planting cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, zucchini and other fruit and vegetables are the main products. With the temperature rising in the spring, vegetable plants enter the late stage of growth and development, should strengthen the control of temperature, light, water and fertilizer, timely control of pests and diseases, extend the fruit harvest period, increase production.
The optimum temperature for regulating the normal growth of different vegetables in the shed is different. Temperature is too high or too low is not conducive to flowering and results, and it is easy to form deformed fruit or falling fruit. When the temperature rises rapidly in spring, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation and adjust the temperature in the shed, about 28°C during the day and 14°C ～ 16°C during the night. When the temperature in the shed rises to about 30°C, it starts to release air. Generally, the ventilation at the top is adopted, and the air volume is gradually increased as the ambient temperature gradually increases. Before the outside temperature drops in the afternoon 3 to 4 o'clock, grass cover is covered in time to ensure that the temperature inside the greenhouse is always maintained within the range suitable for growing vegetables. When the temperature in the shed is not high or when the wind is blowing during the day, ventilation or less ventilation is generally not required. When the minimum temperature is above 15°C at night, it will no longer cover grasshoppers and it can be ventilated overnight.
Improve lighting conditions 1. Increase lighting time and intensity. Under the premise of ensuring the temperature in the shed, whether it is sunny or cloudy, grasshoppers should expose the cover as early as possible in order to maximize the time for the vegetable to see light. In order to increase the lighting intensity, a multi-functional compound film with good light transmission, high heat preservation, and aging resistance should be selected, and at the same time, attention should be paid to frequent cleaning and cleaning of the film. It is possible to hang a light curtain in the shed and paint the back wall of the shed. 2. Maintain a reasonable group structure. Appropriate planting density is conducive to improving the utilization of light energy. Pruning, binding and removing old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves, etc. should be timely according to the growth of the plant to increase the efficiency of light energy utilization.
Adjust the water supply In general, the relative humidity of the eggplant vegetables should be controlled at about 60%, and the melon vegetables should be controlled at about 80%. In the early spring, due to the low outside temperature and the small amount of ventilation in the greenhouse, attention should be paid to the watering method, time, and amount of water. 1. Watering method. In the greenhouse, mulching film is used for cultivation. In the early stage, under-membrane irrigation or drip irrigation is used to effectively prevent ground water evaporation, reduce air humidity in the shed, and reduce various diseases. After the increase in temperature in the later period, it can be poured out. 2. Watering time. As far as possible, choose watering on a sunny morning. At this time, the water temperature is close to the ground temperature. After watering, the root system is stimulated less, and there is enough time to exclude the moisture in the shed. Watering in the afternoon will cause a sudden change in the ground temperature, affecting the physiological function of the root system. 3. Watering capacity. In early spring, the temperature is relatively low, evaporation is small, and watering does not need to be too diligent in order to prevent excessive humidity from causing the occurrence and spread of diseases.
After scientifically balanced fertilization grows into the middle and late stages, the plants need to increase the amount of fertilizer, and they are prone to defertilization, leading to premature plant failure. While increasing the number of times of watering and watering, it is necessary to apply water every 7 days or so. fertilizer. Fertilizers should master the principle of “a small number of times†and avoid waste caused by excessive one-time application of chemical fertilizers, or excessive rooting caused by excessive concentrations. Pay attention to balanced fertilization, appropriate increase in the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, in order to improve the plant's resistance, can be applied per mus compound fertilizer 20 to 30 kg. Or with 0.2% ~ 0.3% of urea water or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar fertilizer, to achieve strong defense against premature aging.
Timely prevention and control of pest temperature rise, greenhouse pests and diseases will generally occur. The vegetable farmers should do a good job of prevention and control, control once every 7-10 days to control the spread of pests and diseases.
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