Practice has proved that the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology can increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers by 5%-10%. The increase rate is generally 10%-15%, and the high rate is more than 20%. The application of soil testing and formula fertilization can not only increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, obtain stable yields and high yields, but also improve the quality of agricultural products. It is a technical measure to increase production, save fertilizer, and reduce expenditures. First, why do we need to conduct soil testing and formulating fertilizer? People often say: “There is no grain, no grain, no more grain, and less grain and less fertilizer.†This is not exactly the case. Some farmers did not use less fertilizer, but the output was not high, or the yield was high and the income did not increase much. This is because different crops need different nutrients. Single application of fertilizers does not work well with the application of fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer applied to different types of soil is not the same. Fertilizer is not applied as much as possible. It is used too much blindly and it wastes fertilizer. , And increase production costs, reduce production and reduce returns. Soil testing and formula fertilization is proposed for these problems. (I) Characteristics of crop fertilization and fertilization Among all the nutrients required for crops, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium have the greatest influence on the growth of crops and the level of yield, so they are called the three key elements of crop nutrition. However, different crops require different amounts of nutrients and have selective absorption characteristics. For example, wheat, corn, rice, etc. are mainly cereals producing starch and protein, and the demand for nitrogen for such crops is relatively high. In order to promote the accumulation and synthesis of underground root carbohydrates (sugar and sediment), the requirements for phosphorus and potassium are greater, followed by nitrogen, followed by soybeans and legumes such as soybeans. Need more than the general crop, because phosphorus can promote the growth and reproduction of root nodules and increase the nitrogen fixation ability of root nodules; while the vegetable crops are mainly based on the production of leaves, the need for nitrogen is greater than any crop. The fertilizer-demanding characteristics of crops tell us that different fertilizers should be selected for different crops. Although trace elements account for only 10,000 parts of dry matter in the crop, their lack of the same three elements as they lack will seriously affect crop growth and reduce yield. For example, the lack of zinc in corn will lead to "white seedling disease"; the lack of boron in wheat will produce "flower but not real", or even the lack of production; soybean lack of molybdenum, plant growth short. Different crops have different sensitivity to different trace elements. Therefore, when applying large amounts of elemental fertilizers, different trace element fertilizers should also be applied according to different crops. (ii) Fertility and fertilizer supply and fertilization of soil Soils are living organisms formed under certain climatic conditions. They are affected by factors such as formation conditions, soil formation, climate, vegetation, and farming methods. Plough soil There are obvious differences in nutrients. For example, in the northern black soil wheat-bean producing area, although the climate is cold, although the soil organic matter is as high as 2.5-6%, the effective nutrient release rate is slow, and it cannot fully meet the needs of crop growth and development, and it is necessary to supplement the appropriate amount of fertilizer; the middle black soil area The climate is mild. Although the soil organic matter content and other nutrient contents are not as high as those in the northern black soil area, soil available nutrients are better. Therefore, higher yields can be obtained at the same fertilization level than in the northern black soil region; carbonates in the Midwest The chernozem area was historically known as the middle and low-yielding areas, but due to the abundance of caloric resources, the effective soil nutrients could be fully utilized. At the same time, the fertilization and soil improvement, rational fertilization, and the improvement of cultivation techniques were established, and the province became famous. High-yielding corn area. It is estimated that 70% of the nutrients needed for crop growth and development come from the soil. Because different types of soil have different fertilizers and fertilizers, the effect of fertilizer production and the mix of varieties are also different. (3) Interaction of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. It has an irreplaceable role in fertilizing and improving soils. Organic fertilizer can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also promote growth. Organic fertilizers decompose and synthesize after entering the soil to form organic colloids in the soil. It combines with inorganic colloids in soil to promote formation of a good soil aggregate structure in soil and enhance soil water conservation. Fertilizer supply capacity. The combined application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers can greatly increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and give full play to the fertilizer efficiency. At the same time, the amount of chemical fertilizers can also be reduced accordingly.
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