Astragalus, also known as Huangla Ding and squid, is a small freshwater economic fish. It is omnivorous, has strong adaptability, has low requirements for water quality, and is easy to introduce and acclimate. Because of its high nutritional value, it is becoming more and more popular among consumers, and it is also an excellent variety suitable for food and fishing for improving the structure of cultured species. . We conducted continuous small-pond maintenance trials in 1999 and 2001, and generally achieved good results. The major technologies are now described as follows:
I. Selection of Pond Conditions The scattered small ponds with an area of ​​2 to 10 mu will require sufficient water sources and meet the aquaculture water standards. The pond is convenient for water intake and drainage, the bottom of the pool is flat, and the water depth of 1.5m can be guaranteed, and a 2.0-kw aerator is provided for every 5 mu.
Second, preparations before the release of seed, both old and new ponds must be cleaned and disinfected. The old pond should be cleared of excessive silt, and only 10cm can be retained; 150kg of right ash per acre is used for dry clear ponds, and the bottom of the pond should be uniformly mixed with quicklime to thoroughly kill parasites, pathogens and wild fish. After a week of drying, the water shall be kept at a depth of 80cm, and the inlet shall be set with a 30-mesh sieve to prevent infestation of wild fish and fish eggs. Fermented organic manure (fermented livestock manure and lime and phosphate fertilizers were mixed and fermented) was used to fertilize water, and the dosage was 15 Okg per mu. The old ponds could be reduced appropriately.
Third, seedlings of large-scale products of yellow-branch fish are welcomed by the market, so should be put 30g / tail of large-sized species of fish rearing, 1500 per mu, and can be used with 50g / tail of 200 white flowers. The fish species to be placed should be selected as individuals with neat specifications, bright color, smooth surface without injury, no spine defects, and strong physique. Seedlings must be soaked in 5% saline for 1 minute before entering the pool. Yellow sturgeon species are generally released at the end of April each year, and the spent white cod would be released after half a month of the yellow cocoon entering the pool.
Fourth, feed feeding
1. The bait foods used to prepare natural foods for bait are mainly shrimp, fish and fish eggs and some aquatic insects. Aquatic plants, etc., so artificial breeding can use live animal feed. In recent years, we have used self-made bait for domestication and feeding. The bait used imported fishmeal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, soybean meal, vegetable soup, dried fish and other feed additives, and the protein content was 34% or more in the early stage. %; In the later period, a small amount of fish meal can be used to replace some of the imported fishmeal, with a protein content of 30% and fat of 6%. The feed must be fresh and free from mildew and rancidity.
2. Domestication of wild astragalus magpies can be fed at night and can be domesticated under artificial cultivation conditions for 5 days to 7 days. Two days after the seedlings were introduced into the pond, artificial feeding was used for domestication, and a fixed feeding signal was used for acclimatization to conduct fixed-point and timing feeding training. After patience and domestication for 5 days and 7 days, it can be normal; in this case, the domesticated seedlings put into the tank can be fed normally the next day, and the feeding method can be artificial and mechanical feeding.
3. The amount of feeding should be divided into three stages throughout the feeding process. The first phase of the 5th and 6th month of the month, 4 times a day, the daily bait rate of 3% -5%; the second phase of the 7th, 8th, 9th month of the bait 3 times, the bait rate of 2% -3%; The three phases were fed twice a day after October and the bait rate was 2%. On this basis, the amount of bait should be adjusted according to the weather and water quality. In the first and third stages, it is recommended to use the satiety method, that is, 90% of the upper bait fish should stop eating after being dropped from the station; the second stage is due to The weather is hot and the water quality is fluctuating. It is recommended to feed “90% fullâ€, that is, 80% of the bait fish will stop feeding after leaving the station.
In addition, due to the large split mouth of the yellow snapper, the food particle size should be increased accordingly. The pellets with a particle size of 2.0 mm can be used as an open feed and the size of the adult fish can reach 5 mm or more. The use of a hard, hard granular diet requires that the pellets have 15 minutes of stability in water; use of a floating bait will better improve feed utilization.
V. Water quality management Water quality management is the most critical issue in the cultivation of adult yellow bream fish, and it needs to maintain a refreshing water environment. For waterproof body aging, inject new water 30cm every month in May and June, change water 15cm every half month in June-September, keep the water depth at 1.2m-1.5m, insist on using 15ppm lime every month in June-September The entire pool was splashed once to purify and disinfect the water and reduce excessive organic suspended matter. Five kg of quicklime (or 2kg of bleach) was applied locally once a half at the food and aerator.
Observe the concentration of algae and algae in the water body, adjust the water body fertilizer according to the inorganic color fertilizer (urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.), and maintain the transparency at 30cm-35cm; according to the determination of dissolved oxygen and weather, water quality, science Use aerators, sunny days to adhere to the early morning and afternoon boot for 1 hour, rainy, hot weather to make full use of mechanical oxygen to supplement the body of dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen should be kept above 3mg/L.
VI. Disease Prevention and Treatment Huangqi has a strong ability to resist disease. As long as the water quality is strictly controlled according to the requirements, regular disinfection and prevention will be done. Diseases rarely occur. In the event of a disease, it is necessary to accurately diagnose and accurately use the drug for treatment. Since Astragalus is a fish without scales, it can't endure the use of common drugs as much as home fish. Therefore, it is important to prevent it. Use highly effective and low-toxic drugs as far as possible. It is recommended to regularly feed medicine baits as a precaution. Monthly use of chloramphenicol, fluoxalic acid, oxytetracycline, etc., as well as rhubarb, Radix et al. l%--O. The 4% addition was fed for 3 days to 5 days.
It is necessary to avoid damaging the fish body as much as possible during the arrest, delivery and transportation. In order to prevent the infection of water mold in the early spring, autumn and winter cold season. In the hot season, if hemorrhagic edema disease occurs, continuous use of chlorine dioxide in the whole pool should be carried out 2 times and feeding the bait for 3 days at the same time, which can be effectively treated.
VII. Results In October, the stingrays can grow to an average of about 200g per tail, and they can be listed one after another. The survival rate can reach 95% or more. The specifications are neat. There can be 285kg of stingray per acre, with a net production of 240kg. The feed coefficient is 1.9, and the net profit per mu is over 2,200 yuan, and the investment return rate is 65%.
Eight, summary
1. Small ponds are the main means of obtaining astragalus, which is a kind of stable production and efficient breeding mode, which is suitable for popularization.
2. Small ponds can be used to obtain fish products with neat specifications. The management method is simple, and sales are suitable for small-scale listing.
3. Huanghua is very suitable for fishing, so it is better to introduce domesticated culture in the more developed regions of the fishing industry.
I. Selection of Pond Conditions The scattered small ponds with an area of ​​2 to 10 mu will require sufficient water sources and meet the aquaculture water standards. The pond is convenient for water intake and drainage, the bottom of the pool is flat, and the water depth of 1.5m can be guaranteed, and a 2.0-kw aerator is provided for every 5 mu.
Second, preparations before the release of seed, both old and new ponds must be cleaned and disinfected. The old pond should be cleared of excessive silt, and only 10cm can be retained; 150kg of right ash per acre is used for dry clear ponds, and the bottom of the pond should be uniformly mixed with quicklime to thoroughly kill parasites, pathogens and wild fish. After a week of drying, the water shall be kept at a depth of 80cm, and the inlet shall be set with a 30-mesh sieve to prevent infestation of wild fish and fish eggs. Fermented organic manure (fermented livestock manure and lime and phosphate fertilizers were mixed and fermented) was used to fertilize water, and the dosage was 15 Okg per mu. The old ponds could be reduced appropriately.
Third, seedlings of large-scale products of yellow-branch fish are welcomed by the market, so should be put 30g / tail of large-sized species of fish rearing, 1500 per mu, and can be used with 50g / tail of 200 white flowers. The fish species to be placed should be selected as individuals with neat specifications, bright color, smooth surface without injury, no spine defects, and strong physique. Seedlings must be soaked in 5% saline for 1 minute before entering the pool. Yellow sturgeon species are generally released at the end of April each year, and the spent white cod would be released after half a month of the yellow cocoon entering the pool.
Fourth, feed feeding
1. The bait foods used to prepare natural foods for bait are mainly shrimp, fish and fish eggs and some aquatic insects. Aquatic plants, etc., so artificial breeding can use live animal feed. In recent years, we have used self-made bait for domestication and feeding. The bait used imported fishmeal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, soybean meal, vegetable soup, dried fish and other feed additives, and the protein content was 34% or more in the early stage. %; In the later period, a small amount of fish meal can be used to replace some of the imported fishmeal, with a protein content of 30% and fat of 6%. The feed must be fresh and free from mildew and rancidity.
2. Domestication of wild astragalus magpies can be fed at night and can be domesticated under artificial cultivation conditions for 5 days to 7 days. Two days after the seedlings were introduced into the pond, artificial feeding was used for domestication, and a fixed feeding signal was used for acclimatization to conduct fixed-point and timing feeding training. After patience and domestication for 5 days and 7 days, it can be normal; in this case, the domesticated seedlings put into the tank can be fed normally the next day, and the feeding method can be artificial and mechanical feeding.
3. The amount of feeding should be divided into three stages throughout the feeding process. The first phase of the 5th and 6th month of the month, 4 times a day, the daily bait rate of 3% -5%; the second phase of the 7th, 8th, 9th month of the bait 3 times, the bait rate of 2% -3%; The three phases were fed twice a day after October and the bait rate was 2%. On this basis, the amount of bait should be adjusted according to the weather and water quality. In the first and third stages, it is recommended to use the satiety method, that is, 90% of the upper bait fish should stop eating after being dropped from the station; the second stage is due to The weather is hot and the water quality is fluctuating. It is recommended to feed “90% fullâ€, that is, 80% of the bait fish will stop feeding after leaving the station.
In addition, due to the large split mouth of the yellow snapper, the food particle size should be increased accordingly. The pellets with a particle size of 2.0 mm can be used as an open feed and the size of the adult fish can reach 5 mm or more. The use of a hard, hard granular diet requires that the pellets have 15 minutes of stability in water; use of a floating bait will better improve feed utilization.
V. Water quality management Water quality management is the most critical issue in the cultivation of adult yellow bream fish, and it needs to maintain a refreshing water environment. For waterproof body aging, inject new water 30cm every month in May and June, change water 15cm every half month in June-September, keep the water depth at 1.2m-1.5m, insist on using 15ppm lime every month in June-September The entire pool was splashed once to purify and disinfect the water and reduce excessive organic suspended matter. Five kg of quicklime (or 2kg of bleach) was applied locally once a half at the food and aerator.
Observe the concentration of algae and algae in the water body, adjust the water body fertilizer according to the inorganic color fertilizer (urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.), and maintain the transparency at 30cm-35cm; according to the determination of dissolved oxygen and weather, water quality, science Use aerators, sunny days to adhere to the early morning and afternoon boot for 1 hour, rainy, hot weather to make full use of mechanical oxygen to supplement the body of dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen should be kept above 3mg/L.
VI. Disease Prevention and Treatment Huangqi has a strong ability to resist disease. As long as the water quality is strictly controlled according to the requirements, regular disinfection and prevention will be done. Diseases rarely occur. In the event of a disease, it is necessary to accurately diagnose and accurately use the drug for treatment. Since Astragalus is a fish without scales, it can't endure the use of common drugs as much as home fish. Therefore, it is important to prevent it. Use highly effective and low-toxic drugs as far as possible. It is recommended to regularly feed medicine baits as a precaution. Monthly use of chloramphenicol, fluoxalic acid, oxytetracycline, etc., as well as rhubarb, Radix et al. l%--O. The 4% addition was fed for 3 days to 5 days.
It is necessary to avoid damaging the fish body as much as possible during the arrest, delivery and transportation. In order to prevent the infection of water mold in the early spring, autumn and winter cold season. In the hot season, if hemorrhagic edema disease occurs, continuous use of chlorine dioxide in the whole pool should be carried out 2 times and feeding the bait for 3 days at the same time, which can be effectively treated.
VII. Results In October, the stingrays can grow to an average of about 200g per tail, and they can be listed one after another. The survival rate can reach 95% or more. The specifications are neat. There can be 285kg of stingray per acre, with a net production of 240kg. The feed coefficient is 1.9, and the net profit per mu is over 2,200 yuan, and the investment return rate is 65%.
Eight, summary
1. Small ponds are the main means of obtaining astragalus, which is a kind of stable production and efficient breeding mode, which is suitable for popularization.
2. Small ponds can be used to obtain fish products with neat specifications. The management method is simple, and sales are suitable for small-scale listing.
3. Huanghua is very suitable for fishing, so it is better to introduce domesticated culture in the more developed regions of the fishing industry.
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