In order to improve the utilization rate of winter and spring sheds, increase the land multiple cropping index, and achieve the purpose of increasing farmers' economic benefits, the sheds are basically idled from mid-May to November, and the cultivation techniques are as follows.
1, variety selection
The “Bai Li No. 1†of Rexwang Seeds Co., Ltd. of the Netherlands is suitable for summer cultivation after comparison. The variety is infinite growth type, with strong growth potential, high fruit setting rate, high yield, average yield of 7500-10000 kg per mu, fruit red, medium-shaped fruit, single fruit weight 180-200 g, good taste, good uniformity, no green skin No cracks, high temperature resistance, resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, tendon rot and blight, strong fruit-bearing ability, thick peel and resistance to transportation. From flowering to fruit harvesting for 45 to 50 days, the harvesting period is concentrated, suitable for cultivation in the hot summer season.
2, the chamber treatment
(1) Clean the shed to remove the crops and weeds.
(2) Soil disinfection per mu with carbendazim 2 kg of soil or decomposed farmyard manure applied to the soil surface, deep turning 30 cm.
(3) Air disinfection will close the shed. For the shed of the steel frame, use 1 kg of potassium permanganate and 2 kg of formaldehyde, and divide the potassium permanganate into 10 cans. The average row is good, every 10 m. Then, pour the formaldehyde into the bottle, close the shed door, and then enter the shed in about 2~3 days; for the shed of bamboo and wood structure, use 5 to 8 kg of sulfur powder, mix the sawdust and straw, every 10 Stack 1 pile of rice, leave it after ignition, and handle it after 2 to 3 days.
3. Cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Seeds require 1700 to 1800 seeds per acre.
(2) Preparation of seedling soil Field soil: fully decomposed horse manure or pig manure: grass ash = 4:1:1, on the basis of which 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate powder was added per 50 kg of nursery soil.
(3) Sowing seeds for dry sowing, single-seeding, and covering the nutrient soil 0.8-1 cm. After sowing, the mulch film is moisturized and properly shaded, and the soil temperature of the seedbed cannot exceed 30 °C.
(4) Management of seedling stage The temperature before emergence is controlled at 20-30 °C; after 80% emergence, the temperature is controlled at 19-28 °C to prevent high seedlings; after cotyledon flattening, the temperature is controlled at 22-28 °C. The night temperature is controlled at 12 to 18 °C. During the refining period, the soil should be kept dry and wet. The number and quantity of watering should be ensured that the seedlings should not be wilted at noon. When watering, use 7 times of Baolifeng No. 1 and water for 75 kg of water for 7 times every 7 to 10 days.
4. Preparation and colonization before planting
(1) The choice of base fertilizer and the use of 5,000 kilograms of farmer's fertilizer, about 20 to 30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15 to 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate.
(2) The soil preparation and planting manure should be flattened and turned into a table. The height of the platform is 10-15 cm, the width of the countertop is 80 cm, the platform is 1.5 m, the row spacing is 90 cm, the small row is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 50 cm, and the planting is 1500-1600. A well-drained greenhouse can also be used for cooking. It is required to make a 1 meter wide scorpion, and 1 row in the raft, with a plant spacing of 38 to 40 cm.
The planting method is to set up the nursery according to the plant spacing requirements. The planting water is poured into the 750-900 kilograms of water with 5 kilograms of Wodibao. The covering soil should be higher than the nursery 1-2 cm, and the second day of planting should be watered and poured. After water infiltration, use a bottle of metalaxyl to 75 kg of water, 0.05 kg of water per plant to prevent blight.
5, post-plant management
(1) Temperature management Because of the hot and high temperature cultivation in summer, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the shed to below 32 °C, and you can use the sunshade net or the muddy soup on the shed film. Maximize the convection and release the small water.
(2) Water and fertilizer management 7 days after planting, watering the seedlings, and rushing 2.5 kilograms of Wodibao, with water. With regard to watering, in principle, the ground can be watered. When the first inflorescence blooms and bears fruit, the fruit begins to topdress when the diameter reaches about 1.5 cm. After that, each of the 1 spikes is topdressed and fattened once, and the Israeli Haifa Potassium is the main one, and the dosage is 15-20 kg/mu. It is required to spray Baolifeng once every 7 to 10 days.
(3) Hanging vines and pruning When the plant grows to a height of 30 cm, the vines are hung in time, and then with the long hanging, to prevent lodging. Single dry pruning, side branches at any time to prevent the unnecessary consumption of nutrients in time to cut off diseased leaves, aged leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation and light.
(4) Spraying and retaining fruit When the tomato enters the flowering stage, generally when the flower is opened for each inflorescence, the first flower is removed, and the 1st flower of the Shenyang Agricultural University is used to produce 1 kilogram of water. Spray the fruit at a time before 10 o'clock. If the fruit is not enough, spray it again once the flower is cracked. It is required to leave 6 to 8 ears per plant, 4 for the first ear, and 5 for the above, and the remaining small fruit, diseased fruit and deformed fruit should be removed at any time.
(5) The principle of prevention and treatment of pests and diseases is mainly prevention, and the principle of treatment is supplemented. For the common pests and diseases such as viral diseases, 20% of virus A plus 15% of phytopathogen is sprayed. In the morning and evening, the disease can be treated with DuPont. For gray mold, 0.1% of 50% keering or xiangling can be added during spraying. Metalaxyl and carbendazim can be used after the onset. Leaf mold, DuPont Fuxing can be used when the disease occurs. Aphids, sprayed with 20% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution or 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution. White powder mites, sprayed with 1000% of the 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate or 20% of the emulsified emulsifiable concentrate, or 5% of the smear-killing agent, 400-500 grams per acre. The leaf miner can be sprayed with 40% green vegetable emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times.
6, harvesting
Due to the high temperature in summer and long-distance transportation, the fruit should not be over-cooked when harvested. When the fruit is ripe, it is the best harvest time when the fruit is ripe until yellow to orange.
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