First, the biological characteristics of Chinese black buckwheat
(A) Morphological characteristics Wuji black, round scales, there are many spots like python pattern, head as a snake head, the upper side of the arc above the arc with a "fry on the device", there is the instinct to breathe air, split mouth, easy to prey .
(b) Habitats Umbellifera is a benthic fish that prefers to live in aquatic or micro-irrigated aquatic waters. It can survive in environments where other fish cannot live. Hypoxia in the water, it can rely on the device to breathe in the air. Even if there is no water as long as you can maintain a certain degree of humidity can survive for more than 1 week. The blackbird has a strong jumping ability. Adult fish can leap out of the water surface by more than 1.5 meters. Fish species of 6.6 to 10 centimeters can leap more than 0.3 meters above the water surface. Therefore, keeping in the pool should pay attention to escape.
(3) The dietary blackbird is a fierce fish. It is purely carnivorous and bulimia. In the absence of food, there is the phenomenon of residual food. The composition of food changes with the individual's increase. Juveniles under 30 mm in size feed on planktonic crustaceans, copepods, cladocerans, and aquatic insects. Juveniles under 80 mm feed on insects, small fish, and shrimp. At the stage of adult fish, they mainly feed on silver carps, hedgehogs and frogs. During the reproductive period of adult fish, it will stop feeding and it will be in a state of inhabitants.
(4) Growth and reproduction The Chinese black baboon grows rapidly. The young fish that hatched in the year can reach an average of 15 centimeters in the autumn and weigh 50 grams. The 5th instar fish can reach 5 kilograms. At a water temperature of 20°C, the blackbird grows fastest. Twenty-three years of sexual maturity in Heilongjiang black baboons are related to the size of the broodstock. The length of 52 cm of broodstock is 36,000 eggs, and the length of 35 cm of broodstock is about 10,000 eggs. The spawning period is from late May to late June. Spawning in the lush shallow areas of aquatic plants, the broodstock can use the toothbrush to build circular fish nests in aquatic plants. After brooding and fertilization, the broodstock lurks under the nest of fishes. The eggs are buoyant and the egg membranes are thin and transparent. When the water temperature is 26°C, larvae hatch 36 hours. The newly hatched larvae have a total length of 3.8 to 4.3 mm. They float laterally under the surface of the water, and their movement is weak. When the egg butter ball changes position at 6 mm, the fry is supine and the 9 mm fry begin to feed. Umbellarias have the habit of protecting eggs and larvae. From the time when the eggs are produced until the juveniles reach 10 mm, the male and female fish are lurking beside their guardian to prevent frogs and fish from attacking their eggs and juveniles. At 10 mm, the broodstock ceased to protect the larvae.
Second, the artificial breeding of black eagle
(i) Identification of broodstock During the breeding season, the abdomen of the female fish is slightly enlarged, soft, and the reproductive hole is prominent, and the abdomen and pelvic fins are grayish white. The male has a small abdomen with slightly concave genital holes, blue and black abdomen and pelvic rays, and many spots on the chest. (The female fish is on the left side and the male is on the right side. The table shows the specific differences between female and male fish.)
(b) Breeding of broodstock Chinese wolfberry is usually only 40% to 50% sexually mature under natural conditions. Therefore, when large-scale production of fish species, it must be cultivated. 2 to 3 months before the breeding period, females were selected to weigh 1,000 to 1,500 grams, and the males were 1500 to 2,000 grams. They were broodstock with a healthy body, uniform individuals, and good gonadal development. Take domestication and feeding, strengthen cultivation, and divide the ponds to feed. Use fresh fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry waste as animal feed, supplement small amounts of plant feed, and properly inject water and drain water to ensure normal development of gonad gonads. The use of pituitary and chorionic gonadotropin for puerperium production. The female 500-gram body weight uses 2.5 to 3 camphor pituitary glands and 1000 to 1200 international units of chorionic gonadotropin, and the male fish is halved. Take two chest injections, the first time around 8 am, the total dose of l / 3 injections, 12 hours interval, the second injection, the total dose of 2 / 3 injection. After spawning, the male and female fish are paired to human spawning pools. When the water temperature is 23 to 30°C, spawning and fertilization can be performed within 17 to 18 hours. The hatching and fertilization eggs are yellow and round, and they are connected to each other in sheets to float on the surface of the water. They can be removed and concentrated in the hatchery or in large plastic basins. The specifications of the hatchery cement pool are 10m X 5m X 0.7m. One can hold 500,000 fertilized eggs at one time. The pool should be fenced to avoid direct sunlight. During the incubation period, the water temperature should be kept as constant as possible. The water temperature should be 20 to 22°C. The hatching time should be 45 to 48 hours. When the water temperature is 26°C, it takes 36 hours to hatch. 60cm diameter plastic pots can be placed fertilized egg 5000 to 8000 tablets. Pots should be placed indoors, add water 15 centimeters deep, and control water temperature, water volume, and light.
Third, the cultivation of Chinese wolfberry seedlings
(1) Cultivation of fry The newly hatched fry has an enlarged yolk sac on the abdomen. After the yolk sac is absorbed, the egg yolk is fed twice a day, and a certain amount of small zooplankton is fed. After 2 days, they can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.
1. Nursery pond area of ​​60 to 100 square meters, depth of 60 cm. Nursery ponds should be cleaned with lime in 2 weeks in advance. After water injection, 100 kg of fermented organic fertilizer was applied to cultivate zooplankton. The fry splashed soy milk two days before the fry.
2. Fish seedlings will feed 0.5 thousand larvae per square meter. Artificially captured rotifers, cladoceros, and copepods can be fed initially. Afterwards, artificially fertilize and spray soybean milk to cultivate zooplankton. After 1 week, a certain amount of mature fish, such as head and green fish, was released in the pool, and the fish were naturally spawned and used as bait fish. The black frog grows fast, and during the domestication process, some wild fish and synthetic feed are fed. When the fry reaches about 3 cm, the fish species can be cultivated in ponds. This stage takes about 20 days.
(B) Fish Breeding
1. Fish ponds Clear ponds are sterilized with quicklime or bleaching powder and routinely cultivated zooplankton.
2. Stocking density of 60,000 to 70,000 stocks per 0.067 hectare.
3. Feed domesticated feeding, throw in some wild fish, shrimp and artificial feed. A 500-500-kilogram shrimp with a body length of 3 centimeters per mu is required to 500 grams per day and 250 grams per 5 days thereafter.
4. Strengthen feed management First, the fish into the pool should be in the early morning. The second is that the fry must be fattened to avoid the death of fishery colonies. On the sweltering night, fish should be evacuated in time to prevent clustering. Third, after two months of feeding, if the fish seedlings are found to be of different sizes, they should be divided into pools to impersonate large fish and eat small fish. Fourth, the quality of water must be adjusted during the breeding process. The cement pool is changed for 1 to 2 days for water and the earthen pond is for 7 to 10 days for 1 shot of water, each time being injected with 20 to 30 centimeters. Sprinkle quicklime regularly at a concentration of 10-20 ppm. Bio-adjusted water quality is based on the use of 500 pieces of carp per 0.067 hectare for feeding on phytoplankton and controlling water quality. After 2 months of cultivation, the black oyster fry can grow up to 8-13 cm in length and can be used as fingerlings to grow into fish ponds.
Four, adult fish breeding
(a) polyculture
1. It is more than half the size of other species of fish, such as oysters, clams, and grass. The stocking time is later than that of the main fish; the amount of stocking should not be too large, and 4 to 4.5 centimeters of black storks should be placed at 30 to 50 tails per 0.067 hectare. The daily management is dominated by the main fish, and no need to feed the black buckwheat. In the fall, about 20 kilograms of Wuji, which weighs about 0.5 kg, will be obtained every 0.067 hectare.
2. The upper part of the polyculture pool with tilapia should be provided with a 1.5-meter-high net to prevent fish from jumping out. The water depth is 1.5 meters. Aquatic plants such as water lilies are planted in the water. Each 600 cm of 10 cm of Ukrainian species is placed at 0.067 hectare, and it is sorted twice during the breeding period to maintain the same specifications. The tilapia in the pond are raised with nets. The juveniles can pass out of the net for Umbellol consumption. The final stocking density is about 150 fish per 0.067 hectare, and more than 100 kilograms of Wuji.
3. With grasses, broodstock and broodstock nesting in the grass, brooding broodstock pond raising raccoon, eating black bream in the broodstock pool of small fish and shrimp, to avoid the waste of feeding. The fish species with 50 g/tailing stocking are stocked at about 0.067 hectares each, and they can grow quickly without special feeding. You can get about 10 kilograms of Ukrainian fish out of the pool.
(b) Single-nursing
1. The pond requires an area of ​​0.033 to 0.1 hectares and a water depth of 5 meters. The bottom of the pool is muddy, and the pool dike should be 80 cm above the water surface to prevent the blackbird from jumping and running away. Before the stocking, the sun should be used to thoroughly clear the pond with lime, and organic fertilizer is used to cultivate the water quality.
2. Stocking Specifications and Density Put 3 to 5 cm of fish species per 1,500 hectares of 1500, the survival rate of 70%, the adult fish size of 0.5 grams or more, per 0.067 hectare output of up to 500 kg or more.
3. The water quality requires sufficient water source, pH value is neutral or slightly alkaline, preferably micro-flowing water.
4. Feeding fresh fish, shrimp, and clams is the best, and the number of feeds depends on the season and weather conditions. If fed with artificial feed, start from the domestication of summer flowers, live fish and shrimp can be fed on the way. Artificial diets require more than 40% crude protein to be granulated. Feed artificial bait can be placed in the bamboo raft; hanging in the water, fed twice a day, feeding the amount of 5% of fish weight.
5. Feeding and management should be kept in small and large scales, and some aquatic plants should be properly cultured in the pool to adjust the water quality; timely prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
(A) Morphological characteristics Wuji black, round scales, there are many spots like python pattern, head as a snake head, the upper side of the arc above the arc with a "fry on the device", there is the instinct to breathe air, split mouth, easy to prey .
(b) Habitats Umbellifera is a benthic fish that prefers to live in aquatic or micro-irrigated aquatic waters. It can survive in environments where other fish cannot live. Hypoxia in the water, it can rely on the device to breathe in the air. Even if there is no water as long as you can maintain a certain degree of humidity can survive for more than 1 week. The blackbird has a strong jumping ability. Adult fish can leap out of the water surface by more than 1.5 meters. Fish species of 6.6 to 10 centimeters can leap more than 0.3 meters above the water surface. Therefore, keeping in the pool should pay attention to escape.
(3) The dietary blackbird is a fierce fish. It is purely carnivorous and bulimia. In the absence of food, there is the phenomenon of residual food. The composition of food changes with the individual's increase. Juveniles under 30 mm in size feed on planktonic crustaceans, copepods, cladocerans, and aquatic insects. Juveniles under 80 mm feed on insects, small fish, and shrimp. At the stage of adult fish, they mainly feed on silver carps, hedgehogs and frogs. During the reproductive period of adult fish, it will stop feeding and it will be in a state of inhabitants.
(4) Growth and reproduction The Chinese black baboon grows rapidly. The young fish that hatched in the year can reach an average of 15 centimeters in the autumn and weigh 50 grams. The 5th instar fish can reach 5 kilograms. At a water temperature of 20°C, the blackbird grows fastest. Twenty-three years of sexual maturity in Heilongjiang black baboons are related to the size of the broodstock. The length of 52 cm of broodstock is 36,000 eggs, and the length of 35 cm of broodstock is about 10,000 eggs. The spawning period is from late May to late June. Spawning in the lush shallow areas of aquatic plants, the broodstock can use the toothbrush to build circular fish nests in aquatic plants. After brooding and fertilization, the broodstock lurks under the nest of fishes. The eggs are buoyant and the egg membranes are thin and transparent. When the water temperature is 26°C, larvae hatch 36 hours. The newly hatched larvae have a total length of 3.8 to 4.3 mm. They float laterally under the surface of the water, and their movement is weak. When the egg butter ball changes position at 6 mm, the fry is supine and the 9 mm fry begin to feed. Umbellarias have the habit of protecting eggs and larvae. From the time when the eggs are produced until the juveniles reach 10 mm, the male and female fish are lurking beside their guardian to prevent frogs and fish from attacking their eggs and juveniles. At 10 mm, the broodstock ceased to protect the larvae.
Second, the artificial breeding of black eagle
(i) Identification of broodstock During the breeding season, the abdomen of the female fish is slightly enlarged, soft, and the reproductive hole is prominent, and the abdomen and pelvic fins are grayish white. The male has a small abdomen with slightly concave genital holes, blue and black abdomen and pelvic rays, and many spots on the chest. (The female fish is on the left side and the male is on the right side. The table shows the specific differences between female and male fish.)
(b) Breeding of broodstock Chinese wolfberry is usually only 40% to 50% sexually mature under natural conditions. Therefore, when large-scale production of fish species, it must be cultivated. 2 to 3 months before the breeding period, females were selected to weigh 1,000 to 1,500 grams, and the males were 1500 to 2,000 grams. They were broodstock with a healthy body, uniform individuals, and good gonadal development. Take domestication and feeding, strengthen cultivation, and divide the ponds to feed. Use fresh fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry waste as animal feed, supplement small amounts of plant feed, and properly inject water and drain water to ensure normal development of gonad gonads. The use of pituitary and chorionic gonadotropin for puerperium production. The female 500-gram body weight uses 2.5 to 3 camphor pituitary glands and 1000 to 1200 international units of chorionic gonadotropin, and the male fish is halved. Take two chest injections, the first time around 8 am, the total dose of l / 3 injections, 12 hours interval, the second injection, the total dose of 2 / 3 injection. After spawning, the male and female fish are paired to human spawning pools. When the water temperature is 23 to 30°C, spawning and fertilization can be performed within 17 to 18 hours. The hatching and fertilization eggs are yellow and round, and they are connected to each other in sheets to float on the surface of the water. They can be removed and concentrated in the hatchery or in large plastic basins. The specifications of the hatchery cement pool are 10m X 5m X 0.7m. One can hold 500,000 fertilized eggs at one time. The pool should be fenced to avoid direct sunlight. During the incubation period, the water temperature should be kept as constant as possible. The water temperature should be 20 to 22°C. The hatching time should be 45 to 48 hours. When the water temperature is 26°C, it takes 36 hours to hatch. 60cm diameter plastic pots can be placed fertilized egg 5000 to 8000 tablets. Pots should be placed indoors, add water 15 centimeters deep, and control water temperature, water volume, and light.
Third, the cultivation of Chinese wolfberry seedlings
(1) Cultivation of fry The newly hatched fry has an enlarged yolk sac on the abdomen. After the yolk sac is absorbed, the egg yolk is fed twice a day, and a certain amount of small zooplankton is fed. After 2 days, they can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.
1. Nursery pond area of ​​60 to 100 square meters, depth of 60 cm. Nursery ponds should be cleaned with lime in 2 weeks in advance. After water injection, 100 kg of fermented organic fertilizer was applied to cultivate zooplankton. The fry splashed soy milk two days before the fry.
2. Fish seedlings will feed 0.5 thousand larvae per square meter. Artificially captured rotifers, cladoceros, and copepods can be fed initially. Afterwards, artificially fertilize and spray soybean milk to cultivate zooplankton. After 1 week, a certain amount of mature fish, such as head and green fish, was released in the pool, and the fish were naturally spawned and used as bait fish. The black frog grows fast, and during the domestication process, some wild fish and synthetic feed are fed. When the fry reaches about 3 cm, the fish species can be cultivated in ponds. This stage takes about 20 days.
(B) Fish Breeding
1. Fish ponds Clear ponds are sterilized with quicklime or bleaching powder and routinely cultivated zooplankton.
2. Stocking density of 60,000 to 70,000 stocks per 0.067 hectare.
3. Feed domesticated feeding, throw in some wild fish, shrimp and artificial feed. A 500-500-kilogram shrimp with a body length of 3 centimeters per mu is required to 500 grams per day and 250 grams per 5 days thereafter.
4. Strengthen feed management First, the fish into the pool should be in the early morning. The second is that the fry must be fattened to avoid the death of fishery colonies. On the sweltering night, fish should be evacuated in time to prevent clustering. Third, after two months of feeding, if the fish seedlings are found to be of different sizes, they should be divided into pools to impersonate large fish and eat small fish. Fourth, the quality of water must be adjusted during the breeding process. The cement pool is changed for 1 to 2 days for water and the earthen pond is for 7 to 10 days for 1 shot of water, each time being injected with 20 to 30 centimeters. Sprinkle quicklime regularly at a concentration of 10-20 ppm. Bio-adjusted water quality is based on the use of 500 pieces of carp per 0.067 hectare for feeding on phytoplankton and controlling water quality. After 2 months of cultivation, the black oyster fry can grow up to 8-13 cm in length and can be used as fingerlings to grow into fish ponds.
Four, adult fish breeding
(a) polyculture
1. It is more than half the size of other species of fish, such as oysters, clams, and grass. The stocking time is later than that of the main fish; the amount of stocking should not be too large, and 4 to 4.5 centimeters of black storks should be placed at 30 to 50 tails per 0.067 hectare. The daily management is dominated by the main fish, and no need to feed the black buckwheat. In the fall, about 20 kilograms of Wuji, which weighs about 0.5 kg, will be obtained every 0.067 hectare.
2. The upper part of the polyculture pool with tilapia should be provided with a 1.5-meter-high net to prevent fish from jumping out. The water depth is 1.5 meters. Aquatic plants such as water lilies are planted in the water. Each 600 cm of 10 cm of Ukrainian species is placed at 0.067 hectare, and it is sorted twice during the breeding period to maintain the same specifications. The tilapia in the pond are raised with nets. The juveniles can pass out of the net for Umbellol consumption. The final stocking density is about 150 fish per 0.067 hectare, and more than 100 kilograms of Wuji.
3. With grasses, broodstock and broodstock nesting in the grass, brooding broodstock pond raising raccoon, eating black bream in the broodstock pool of small fish and shrimp, to avoid the waste of feeding. The fish species with 50 g/tailing stocking are stocked at about 0.067 hectares each, and they can grow quickly without special feeding. You can get about 10 kilograms of Ukrainian fish out of the pool.
(b) Single-nursing
1. The pond requires an area of ​​0.033 to 0.1 hectares and a water depth of 5 meters. The bottom of the pool is muddy, and the pool dike should be 80 cm above the water surface to prevent the blackbird from jumping and running away. Before the stocking, the sun should be used to thoroughly clear the pond with lime, and organic fertilizer is used to cultivate the water quality.
2. Stocking Specifications and Density Put 3 to 5 cm of fish species per 1,500 hectares of 1500, the survival rate of 70%, the adult fish size of 0.5 grams or more, per 0.067 hectare output of up to 500 kg or more.
3. The water quality requires sufficient water source, pH value is neutral or slightly alkaline, preferably micro-flowing water.
4. Feeding fresh fish, shrimp, and clams is the best, and the number of feeds depends on the season and weather conditions. If fed with artificial feed, start from the domestication of summer flowers, live fish and shrimp can be fed on the way. Artificial diets require more than 40% crude protein to be granulated. Feed artificial bait can be placed in the bamboo raft; hanging in the water, fed twice a day, feeding the amount of 5% of fish weight.
5. Feeding and management should be kept in small and large scales, and some aquatic plants should be properly cultured in the pool to adjust the water quality; timely prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
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