Toon germination has a low temperature requirement. Therefore, plastic sheds, solar greenhouses and other protection facilities can be used to spur the scented citrons that have passed dormancy. Under certain conditions of temperature and humidity, short-twisted shoots stored in the seedlings themselves are used for dwarf planting to promote cultivation. The products were listed on the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival period and continued until around the Ching Ming and Ming Dynasties, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the market and providing early supplies. This not only greatly enriched people's lives, but also improved economic efficiency and increased farmers' income.
First, the seedlings and young trees are not resistant to frost. Therefore, Shandong province needs to raise the seedlings from the nursery within the end of October to the beginning of November (as little rooting as possible when raising the seedlings).
Second, the fake planting treatment before the start of the seedlings in the greenhouse or greenhouse north of the wet place, along the east-west digging depth of 50 cm, width 1.5 cm of the false planting ditch, the ditch length may be due to the number of seedlings. Immerse in the ditch and fill it with water. When the water has not yet infiltrated, sprinkle a layer of 3 to 5 cm thick fine soil in the ditch. Then plant the seedlings in the ditch and put the seedlings on the side of the soil. After the soil is cultivated, fill the water with the ditch and then cover the seedling with a layer of corn straw or wheat straw. The purpose of the prosthesis is to promote the backflow and defoliation of the nutrients in the leaves and shoots, and to allow the seedlings to pass through the dormancy period safely and prevent freezing and drying. Implantation time is about 15 days. Seedlings that have been treated by the planting process have grown stronger than shoots that have been planted directly into greenhouses.
Third, transplantation
In late mid-November, the transplanted seedlings are transplanted into greenhouses or greenhouses. There is no cover film in the greenhouse before transplantation. In the greenhouse, the north and south sides of the greenhouse are facing each other. It requires a width of 1.5 cm, a depth of 25 cm, and a height of 20 cm. The seedlings were planted in the order of height in the order of height of south dwarf and north. The transplant density is 120-150 per year per square meter of seedlings per year and 100-120 perennial seedlings, with an area of ​​about 1/10 of the area of ​​the nursery. When transplanting, seedlings first cultivate earth 20 to 25 centimeters, apply urea or diammonium phosphate 2.5 kilograms per pot, irrigate water, and then cover soil 15 to 20 centimeters, buried to the base of the stem 5 to 10 centimeters, and fill the water inside the pot The soil is heavy. After the seedlings are transplanted, in order to prevent the indoor humidity from being too large, the film should be covered when the surface is slightly dry after 5 days. If the citrons are transplanted directly into greenhouse greenhouses without pre-planting treatment, the lifting time must be appropriately delayed until mid-November, and the grading is moved directly into the room. After 20-25 days of watering (in early December), the sheds are to be covered. . This method also allows seedlings to sleep. Due to the late filming time, the time to market for the citron was delayed by about 10 days.
Fourth, management
1. Temperature management: It was observed that the temperature of the greenhouse was about 25°C. The tender buds of a day and night could be 3-4 cm long. However, in the case of 15°C, the length was only 1 cm. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, the axillary bud coloration and quality were affected. Germination control temperature is very necessary, the general temperature regulation should be controlled in the following periods: 1 cover film, the temperature control during the day indoors 15 ~ 25 °C, higher than 25 °C to ventilation and cooling. The temperature is controlled at 10-15°C during the night. If the temperature is lower than 10°C, cover grasshoppers. 2 After about 15 days, when the buds sprout, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 30°C, nighttime at 13 to 17°C, and the minimum must not be lower than 7°C. 3 After 20 to 25 days, the shoot length can reach 20 centimeters or so. When entering the budding stage, the temperature is preferably 18 to 25°C.
2. Humidity adjustment: After the pods are lifted, the root system is damaged and the water absorption capacity is poor. Therefore, the soil moisture and air humidity must be maintained after the shed is transplanted. The water is usually poured once every 10 days or so, and the relative humidity of the air is kept above 85%. On sunny days, water must be sprayed on the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from dehydration and desiccation. After germination, the relative humidity of air is about 70%. Excessive humidity not only delays germination but also reduces flavor. If the humidity is too high, it should be promptly released.
3. Light regulation: The production of taro in the greenhouse is better under weak light conditions. The light is too strong and the axillary buds grow fast, but the coloration and quality are affected. In addition, since the main requirement is to meet the need for axillary bud growth based on the nutrients stored in the tree body, the light requirement is not strict. When uncovering the haystacks in the shed, the main consideration should be whether the indoor temperature can meet the requirements. After the grasshopper is uncovered, the room temperature will not drop and you can see the light. If the outside temperature is low, the indoor temperature drops sharply after the grasshopper is lifted. Even during the daytime, the grasshopper should not be lifted.
4. Scientific fertilization: Toona sinensis is a fast-growing woody vegetable with low water requirement. The absorption of fertilizer requires high potash fertilizer. Each 300m2 shed requires 250,000 kilograms of fully-fertilized high quality farmyard manure to be used as base fertilizer or phosphoric acid. Dihydrogen potassium 3 ~ 6 kg, diammonium phosphate 3 ~ 6 kg. After each picking, apply fertilizer and water.
5. To promote the branches: When picking the second musk pods, the top shall be removed and dried at the same time (it is appropriate to top and dry at 40 cm above the ground). After spraying, 15% paclobutrazol is sprayed at a concentration of 200-500 mg/kg, which can control the apical dominance and promote the rapid growth of branches to achieve dwarf cultivation purposes. Since then, according to the tree shape development in time to play the top, fight to ensure that the crown more branches, more prolific axillary buds, to achieve high yield and quality.
Fifth, axillary bud harvesting
In late December, when the axillary buds grow to 15 to 20 cm and they are well colored, they should be harvested in time. The day before the harvest, if the light is strong, it should cover the shade of the grass to soften and the light on the day of harvest should be weak. Therefore, it is advisable to take shoots early and late. The first axillary bud (that is, the bud that is born on the top of the branch) is superior in quality and color, and is the top grade in the axillary bud, which should be harvested at 15 cm. When the two buds grow to 20 centimeters in time, they are topped in time to promote lateral buds and buds and increase yield. The buds in the greenhouse are generally harvested every 10 days. After harvest, topdressing, watering, promote growth. Before and after the Spring Festival, the toona sinensis buds listed on the market must be carefully sorted and bundled after harvesting. Generally, they are bundled every 50 to 100 grams and sealed in plastic bags to prevent dehydration and steaming and improve the quality of the market. If you are not in a hurry to market, you can put it in a layered row in a cool kiln or room, the temperature is maintained at 4 ~ 10 °C, generally can be stored for 10 to 20 days, avoid centralized stacking.
First, the seedlings and young trees are not resistant to frost. Therefore, Shandong province needs to raise the seedlings from the nursery within the end of October to the beginning of November (as little rooting as possible when raising the seedlings).
Second, the fake planting treatment before the start of the seedlings in the greenhouse or greenhouse north of the wet place, along the east-west digging depth of 50 cm, width 1.5 cm of the false planting ditch, the ditch length may be due to the number of seedlings. Immerse in the ditch and fill it with water. When the water has not yet infiltrated, sprinkle a layer of 3 to 5 cm thick fine soil in the ditch. Then plant the seedlings in the ditch and put the seedlings on the side of the soil. After the soil is cultivated, fill the water with the ditch and then cover the seedling with a layer of corn straw or wheat straw. The purpose of the prosthesis is to promote the backflow and defoliation of the nutrients in the leaves and shoots, and to allow the seedlings to pass through the dormancy period safely and prevent freezing and drying. Implantation time is about 15 days. Seedlings that have been treated by the planting process have grown stronger than shoots that have been planted directly into greenhouses.
Third, transplantation
In late mid-November, the transplanted seedlings are transplanted into greenhouses or greenhouses. There is no cover film in the greenhouse before transplantation. In the greenhouse, the north and south sides of the greenhouse are facing each other. It requires a width of 1.5 cm, a depth of 25 cm, and a height of 20 cm. The seedlings were planted in the order of height in the order of height of south dwarf and north. The transplant density is 120-150 per year per square meter of seedlings per year and 100-120 perennial seedlings, with an area of ​​about 1/10 of the area of ​​the nursery. When transplanting, seedlings first cultivate earth 20 to 25 centimeters, apply urea or diammonium phosphate 2.5 kilograms per pot, irrigate water, and then cover soil 15 to 20 centimeters, buried to the base of the stem 5 to 10 centimeters, and fill the water inside the pot The soil is heavy. After the seedlings are transplanted, in order to prevent the indoor humidity from being too large, the film should be covered when the surface is slightly dry after 5 days. If the citrons are transplanted directly into greenhouse greenhouses without pre-planting treatment, the lifting time must be appropriately delayed until mid-November, and the grading is moved directly into the room. After 20-25 days of watering (in early December), the sheds are to be covered. . This method also allows seedlings to sleep. Due to the late filming time, the time to market for the citron was delayed by about 10 days.
Fourth, management
1. Temperature management: It was observed that the temperature of the greenhouse was about 25°C. The tender buds of a day and night could be 3-4 cm long. However, in the case of 15°C, the length was only 1 cm. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, the axillary bud coloration and quality were affected. Germination control temperature is very necessary, the general temperature regulation should be controlled in the following periods: 1 cover film, the temperature control during the day indoors 15 ~ 25 °C, higher than 25 °C to ventilation and cooling. The temperature is controlled at 10-15°C during the night. If the temperature is lower than 10°C, cover grasshoppers. 2 After about 15 days, when the buds sprout, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 30°C, nighttime at 13 to 17°C, and the minimum must not be lower than 7°C. 3 After 20 to 25 days, the shoot length can reach 20 centimeters or so. When entering the budding stage, the temperature is preferably 18 to 25°C.
2. Humidity adjustment: After the pods are lifted, the root system is damaged and the water absorption capacity is poor. Therefore, the soil moisture and air humidity must be maintained after the shed is transplanted. The water is usually poured once every 10 days or so, and the relative humidity of the air is kept above 85%. On sunny days, water must be sprayed on the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from dehydration and desiccation. After germination, the relative humidity of air is about 70%. Excessive humidity not only delays germination but also reduces flavor. If the humidity is too high, it should be promptly released.
3. Light regulation: The production of taro in the greenhouse is better under weak light conditions. The light is too strong and the axillary buds grow fast, but the coloration and quality are affected. In addition, since the main requirement is to meet the need for axillary bud growth based on the nutrients stored in the tree body, the light requirement is not strict. When uncovering the haystacks in the shed, the main consideration should be whether the indoor temperature can meet the requirements. After the grasshopper is uncovered, the room temperature will not drop and you can see the light. If the outside temperature is low, the indoor temperature drops sharply after the grasshopper is lifted. Even during the daytime, the grasshopper should not be lifted.
4. Scientific fertilization: Toona sinensis is a fast-growing woody vegetable with low water requirement. The absorption of fertilizer requires high potash fertilizer. Each 300m2 shed requires 250,000 kilograms of fully-fertilized high quality farmyard manure to be used as base fertilizer or phosphoric acid. Dihydrogen potassium 3 ~ 6 kg, diammonium phosphate 3 ~ 6 kg. After each picking, apply fertilizer and water.
5. To promote the branches: When picking the second musk pods, the top shall be removed and dried at the same time (it is appropriate to top and dry at 40 cm above the ground). After spraying, 15% paclobutrazol is sprayed at a concentration of 200-500 mg/kg, which can control the apical dominance and promote the rapid growth of branches to achieve dwarf cultivation purposes. Since then, according to the tree shape development in time to play the top, fight to ensure that the crown more branches, more prolific axillary buds, to achieve high yield and quality.
Fifth, axillary bud harvesting
In late December, when the axillary buds grow to 15 to 20 cm and they are well colored, they should be harvested in time. The day before the harvest, if the light is strong, it should cover the shade of the grass to soften and the light on the day of harvest should be weak. Therefore, it is advisable to take shoots early and late. The first axillary bud (that is, the bud that is born on the top of the branch) is superior in quality and color, and is the top grade in the axillary bud, which should be harvested at 15 cm. When the two buds grow to 20 centimeters in time, they are topped in time to promote lateral buds and buds and increase yield. The buds in the greenhouse are generally harvested every 10 days. After harvest, topdressing, watering, promote growth. Before and after the Spring Festival, the toona sinensis buds listed on the market must be carefully sorted and bundled after harvesting. Generally, they are bundled every 50 to 100 grams and sealed in plastic bags to prevent dehydration and steaming and improve the quality of the market. If you are not in a hurry to market, you can put it in a layered row in a cool kiln or room, the temperature is maintained at 4 ~ 10 °C, generally can be stored for 10 to 20 days, avoid centralized stacking.
Food Additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities. With the advent of processed foods in the second half of the twentieth century,many more additives have been introduced, of both natural and artificial origin. This kind of food additives is one of the natural kind. And they use the Extract way to get them.
Food Additives
Food Additives,Loquat Leaf,Loquat Leaf Extract Powder,Natural Food Additives
Drotrong Chinese Herb Medicines Co.,Ltd. , http://www.drotrongherb.com