In 2005, we undertook the Jiangsu Provincial Aquatic Product Three Projects to promote the promotion of polyculture of large-size and high-quality crabs and valuable fish. In the water surface of the field, we adopted the river crab + salmon, river crab + stingray, river crab The ten kinds of eco-mixing modes are used to promote the total area of ​​194.6 hectares of test, achieving better ecological, economic and social benefits.
I. Pond conditions
1. The pond is a water-filled Datangkou with a gully ditch. The depth of the pond is 1.5m and the depth of the beach surface is 1.2m. Surrounded by asbestos tile fences as anti-fence walls. The culture area is far from the sources of pollution, the transportation is convenient, the water source is sufficient, and the environmental conditions meet the requirements of GB l8407.4.
2. Pattern I is “River Crab + Squid†with an area of ​​47.33 hectares; Mode II is “River Crab + Stingray†with an area of ​​106.87 hectares; Mode III is “River Crab + Crimson Slug?†with an area of ​​40.4 hectares. The pond conditions and infrastructure of the three breeding modes are basically similar.
Second, pond preparation
1. Pond cleaning includes pool repair, dredging, and disinfection. At the end of the last culture cycle, the pool water was drained, excess silt was removed (only 10cm to 15cm was left), and the bottom of the pool was sun-dried and frozen for more than 20 days. Then the water was filtered through 50cm, and 150 kg of melted lime were used respectively. /Mu and soaked tea bran 50 kg/mu.
2. The aim of the fertilizer is to cultivate the basic bait organisms used in the early stage of culture in the water body. The decomposed organic fertilizer can be used to add a small amount of quick lime in the water depth of 30cm to 40cm. The bottom is covered with bottom mud and allowed to slowly release in the pool. The amount of fertilizer is used. It is about 300 kg/mu.
3. The purpose of transplanting aquatic plants is to increase the hiding place of crabs and the vegetal food of river crabs. The types of aquatic plants include Vallisneria alternifolia, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea, and water peanuts, and the aquatic weed covers an area of ​​60% to 70% of the pond area.
4. Putting snails on the snail can be used as a natural food organism for crabs, and it can also purify water. Before the Ching Ming Dynasty, about 250 kg of fresh snails were placed per mu of water surface.
Third, seed stocking
1. Seed sources and specifications of crab species provided by the nearby rice field cultivation, specifications 160 / kg; squid is the early summer fry about 20 days of intensive cultivation of summer flowers, specifications for the body length 6cm ~ 9cm; stingray, Alice mouth Hongye is a one-year-old fish species, specifications are body length 5cm ~ 8cm and body length 12cm ~ 15cm; young shrimp is a young pond shrimp, specifications for the body length 2cm ~ 3cm.
2. The three species of crabs and larvae, stocking time and density, were stocked between February and March. The stocking densities were 500 animals/mu and 3 kg/mu, respectively. In Model I, the carp was stocked at the end of May and stocked at a density of 16 fish per mu. At the same time, at the beginning of June, carp summer flowers of about 2 cm in body length were used for l kg/mu (as bait fish for carp); in mode II, the carp was found in The animals were stocked at the beginning of March and stocked at a density of 300 fish per mu. The fish was stocked at the end of March and stocked at the end of March. The stocking density was 30 fish per mu. At the same time, at the beginning of July, the carp spent about 3 cm in length was 1.5 kg per mu. Aphrodisiac bait fish).
3. The transported and disinfected crab species are packed in dense mesh bags. The fish species are filled with plastic bags, filled with oxygen and transported by car. The transport time is 3 hours to 5 hours. The crab seeds were soaked in 25m L/m3 formalin for 30 minutes and the fish species were bathed in 3.5% saline for 10 minutes.
Fourth, technical measures
1. Feeds for feed include corn, wheat, vegetable cakes, squash and other plant feeds, freshwater wild fish, snails, oysters and other animal feed, and artificial compound feed. Feeding follows the principle of "bright, refined, and green" feeds with a reasonable mix, according to the growth stage, season, weather and other factors to grasp the amount of feeding, to ensure that aquatic organisms eat enough to eat, avoid sudden hunger, and master the "four set "Four-seeing" feeding method, combined with the poolside feeding and the whole pool.
2. Water quality regulation Control water transparency in 30 cm ~ 50 cm, water color is refreshing yellowish green, dissolved oxygen 5 mg/L or more, pH 7 ~ 8, ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 0.2 mg/L, nitrite 0.02 mg/ L below. The water level adjustment adheres to the principle of “pre-shallow, medium-deep, and logisticalâ€, ie, maintaining shallow water levels in the early stages to increase water temperature and promoting clam shells; maintaining deep water levels in the middle (especially in hot summer and autumn), keeping water fresh, and maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen. . Daily natural water erosion, timely watering if the water level is too shallow, timely replacement of fresh water when the water quality is too strong, and maintenance of frequent water changes in summer and autumn. Regularly sprinkle lime water and use microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis.
3. During disease prevention and cultivation, 15g/m3 quicklime and 0.8g/m3 bleach were used to disinfect the water body every 15 days; 15 g oxytetracycline was added for every 100 kg of feed, once a day, and fed for 3 days. The course of treatment is to prevent enteritis; water snakes, water mice, frogs and pelicans, water birds, etc. are promptly taken to catch or hunt and kill them.
V. Test result pattern I The crab survival rate was 48.52%, the average size was 163 g/plant, and the yield was 26.1 kg/mu; the survival rate of squid was 83%, the average size was 600g/tail, the yield was 7.01 kg/mu; the yield of green shrimp was 5.49 kg / Mu, other fish yield 55 kg/mu.
Mode II crab survival rate of 43%, the average size of 172 g / only, yield 28.44 kg / mu; stingray survival rate of 72%, the average size of 165 g / tail, yield 17.8 kg / mu; green shrimp yield 5.8 kg / mu, Other fish yield 92 kg/mu.
Pattern III The crab survival rate was 51%, the average size was 153 g/plant, and the yield was 31.21 kg/mu; the survival rate was 82%, the average size was 750 g/tail, the yield was 15.33 kg/mu; the yield of green shrimp was 3.8 kg/mu. Other fish yields 78 kg/mu.
The three polyculture models had a production value of 1874.65 yuan, 2298.45 yuan and 2117.00 yuan respectively, and the net income per mu was 1081.55 yuan, 1199.20 yuan and 1125.10 yuan respectively. Compared with the same conditions of raising crabs, the size of commodity crabs increased by about 20 g and increased. Benefit 350 yuan/mu.
Sixth, summary and discussion
1. Experiments have shown that crab ponds, through the polyculture of valuable fish, enable different organisms to co-exist and complement each other in the same environment and grow together, thus achieving ecological balance. This is a farming method that achieves simultaneous improvement of product quality and aquaculture efficiency, and can be used in places where conditions permit. Promote.
2. Of the three polyculture modes tested, Mode II was the best, because the yield and price of the stingrays were high, and the size of the crabs was also larger than the other two models. The increase was mainly due to artificial feeding at the later stages of the experiment. Formulated soft compound feed (fish meal formula: fish meal 35%, bean cake 20%, vegetable cake 15%, sub-powder 15%, rice bran 10%, lure growth promoter 5%).
3. Although the carp, stingray, and cockroach are all fierce fish mainly based on carnivores, their food structures are different. Carp uses live fish and shrimp as bait for life. It mainly feeds small bottom-level fish (such as carp, loach, and rohan fish). In addition to feeding fresh fish and shrimp, it also feeds artificial feeding. The snails or fish meal and plant-based feed mix; Aphrodisiac? In the crab pool, the main intake of small fish in the upper water (such as eel summer flowers, etc.), but also fed artificially fed dead fish or ice fish. Therefore, we must consider more feed issues in the polyculture of crab ponds.
4. Carp is more sensitive to drugs, so when using fishery drugs, there must be a choice and accurate calculation of the amount of medication, especially in the hot season should be more cautious medication, usually with low doses or no drugs. At the same time, squids are prone to hypoxic floating heads, such as floating heads that can lead to a complete annihilation of the entire army. Therefore, water quality should not be too fat, and new water can be added regularly. Maintaining fresh water and high dissolved oxygen content is the key to the success of polyculture.
I. Pond conditions
1. The pond is a water-filled Datangkou with a gully ditch. The depth of the pond is 1.5m and the depth of the beach surface is 1.2m. Surrounded by asbestos tile fences as anti-fence walls. The culture area is far from the sources of pollution, the transportation is convenient, the water source is sufficient, and the environmental conditions meet the requirements of GB l8407.4.
2. Pattern I is “River Crab + Squid†with an area of ​​47.33 hectares; Mode II is “River Crab + Stingray†with an area of ​​106.87 hectares; Mode III is “River Crab + Crimson Slug?†with an area of ​​40.4 hectares. The pond conditions and infrastructure of the three breeding modes are basically similar.
Second, pond preparation
1. Pond cleaning includes pool repair, dredging, and disinfection. At the end of the last culture cycle, the pool water was drained, excess silt was removed (only 10cm to 15cm was left), and the bottom of the pool was sun-dried and frozen for more than 20 days. Then the water was filtered through 50cm, and 150 kg of melted lime were used respectively. /Mu and soaked tea bran 50 kg/mu.
2. The aim of the fertilizer is to cultivate the basic bait organisms used in the early stage of culture in the water body. The decomposed organic fertilizer can be used to add a small amount of quick lime in the water depth of 30cm to 40cm. The bottom is covered with bottom mud and allowed to slowly release in the pool. The amount of fertilizer is used. It is about 300 kg/mu.
3. The purpose of transplanting aquatic plants is to increase the hiding place of crabs and the vegetal food of river crabs. The types of aquatic plants include Vallisneria alternifolia, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea, and water peanuts, and the aquatic weed covers an area of ​​60% to 70% of the pond area.
4. Putting snails on the snail can be used as a natural food organism for crabs, and it can also purify water. Before the Ching Ming Dynasty, about 250 kg of fresh snails were placed per mu of water surface.
Third, seed stocking
1. Seed sources and specifications of crab species provided by the nearby rice field cultivation, specifications 160 / kg; squid is the early summer fry about 20 days of intensive cultivation of summer flowers, specifications for the body length 6cm ~ 9cm; stingray, Alice mouth Hongye is a one-year-old fish species, specifications are body length 5cm ~ 8cm and body length 12cm ~ 15cm; young shrimp is a young pond shrimp, specifications for the body length 2cm ~ 3cm.
2. The three species of crabs and larvae, stocking time and density, were stocked between February and March. The stocking densities were 500 animals/mu and 3 kg/mu, respectively. In Model I, the carp was stocked at the end of May and stocked at a density of 16 fish per mu. At the same time, at the beginning of June, carp summer flowers of about 2 cm in body length were used for l kg/mu (as bait fish for carp); in mode II, the carp was found in The animals were stocked at the beginning of March and stocked at a density of 300 fish per mu. The fish was stocked at the end of March and stocked at the end of March. The stocking density was 30 fish per mu. At the same time, at the beginning of July, the carp spent about 3 cm in length was 1.5 kg per mu. Aphrodisiac bait fish).
3. The transported and disinfected crab species are packed in dense mesh bags. The fish species are filled with plastic bags, filled with oxygen and transported by car. The transport time is 3 hours to 5 hours. The crab seeds were soaked in 25m L/m3 formalin for 30 minutes and the fish species were bathed in 3.5% saline for 10 minutes.
Fourth, technical measures
1. Feeds for feed include corn, wheat, vegetable cakes, squash and other plant feeds, freshwater wild fish, snails, oysters and other animal feed, and artificial compound feed. Feeding follows the principle of "bright, refined, and green" feeds with a reasonable mix, according to the growth stage, season, weather and other factors to grasp the amount of feeding, to ensure that aquatic organisms eat enough to eat, avoid sudden hunger, and master the "four set "Four-seeing" feeding method, combined with the poolside feeding and the whole pool.
2. Water quality regulation Control water transparency in 30 cm ~ 50 cm, water color is refreshing yellowish green, dissolved oxygen 5 mg/L or more, pH 7 ~ 8, ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 0.2 mg/L, nitrite 0.02 mg/ L below. The water level adjustment adheres to the principle of “pre-shallow, medium-deep, and logisticalâ€, ie, maintaining shallow water levels in the early stages to increase water temperature and promoting clam shells; maintaining deep water levels in the middle (especially in hot summer and autumn), keeping water fresh, and maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen. . Daily natural water erosion, timely watering if the water level is too shallow, timely replacement of fresh water when the water quality is too strong, and maintenance of frequent water changes in summer and autumn. Regularly sprinkle lime water and use microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis.
3. During disease prevention and cultivation, 15g/m3 quicklime and 0.8g/m3 bleach were used to disinfect the water body every 15 days; 15 g oxytetracycline was added for every 100 kg of feed, once a day, and fed for 3 days. The course of treatment is to prevent enteritis; water snakes, water mice, frogs and pelicans, water birds, etc. are promptly taken to catch or hunt and kill them.
V. Test result pattern I The crab survival rate was 48.52%, the average size was 163 g/plant, and the yield was 26.1 kg/mu; the survival rate of squid was 83%, the average size was 600g/tail, the yield was 7.01 kg/mu; the yield of green shrimp was 5.49 kg / Mu, other fish yield 55 kg/mu.
Mode II crab survival rate of 43%, the average size of 172 g / only, yield 28.44 kg / mu; stingray survival rate of 72%, the average size of 165 g / tail, yield 17.8 kg / mu; green shrimp yield 5.8 kg / mu, Other fish yield 92 kg/mu.
Pattern III The crab survival rate was 51%, the average size was 153 g/plant, and the yield was 31.21 kg/mu; the survival rate was 82%, the average size was 750 g/tail, the yield was 15.33 kg/mu; the yield of green shrimp was 3.8 kg/mu. Other fish yields 78 kg/mu.
The three polyculture models had a production value of 1874.65 yuan, 2298.45 yuan and 2117.00 yuan respectively, and the net income per mu was 1081.55 yuan, 1199.20 yuan and 1125.10 yuan respectively. Compared with the same conditions of raising crabs, the size of commodity crabs increased by about 20 g and increased. Benefit 350 yuan/mu.
Sixth, summary and discussion
1. Experiments have shown that crab ponds, through the polyculture of valuable fish, enable different organisms to co-exist and complement each other in the same environment and grow together, thus achieving ecological balance. This is a farming method that achieves simultaneous improvement of product quality and aquaculture efficiency, and can be used in places where conditions permit. Promote.
2. Of the three polyculture modes tested, Mode II was the best, because the yield and price of the stingrays were high, and the size of the crabs was also larger than the other two models. The increase was mainly due to artificial feeding at the later stages of the experiment. Formulated soft compound feed (fish meal formula: fish meal 35%, bean cake 20%, vegetable cake 15%, sub-powder 15%, rice bran 10%, lure growth promoter 5%).
3. Although the carp, stingray, and cockroach are all fierce fish mainly based on carnivores, their food structures are different. Carp uses live fish and shrimp as bait for life. It mainly feeds small bottom-level fish (such as carp, loach, and rohan fish). In addition to feeding fresh fish and shrimp, it also feeds artificial feeding. The snails or fish meal and plant-based feed mix; Aphrodisiac? In the crab pool, the main intake of small fish in the upper water (such as eel summer flowers, etc.), but also fed artificially fed dead fish or ice fish. Therefore, we must consider more feed issues in the polyculture of crab ponds.
4. Carp is more sensitive to drugs, so when using fishery drugs, there must be a choice and accurate calculation of the amount of medication, especially in the hot season should be more cautious medication, usually with low doses or no drugs. At the same time, squids are prone to hypoxic floating heads, such as floating heads that can lead to a complete annihilation of the entire army. Therefore, water quality should not be too fat, and new water can be added regularly. Maintaining fresh water and high dissolved oxygen content is the key to the success of polyculture.
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