Rational application of pesticides in cucumber production

In the control of cucumber pests and diseases, the application of pesticides is very important. The method is proper, the control effect is good, the number of prevention and control is small, the cost is reduced, the quality of the vegetables is good and the yield is high. On the contrary, it causes environmental pollution, excessive pesticide residues in vegetables, resistance to diseases and insect pests, and increased cost of pesticides. In general, it is "timely, appropriate, reasonable, symptomatic, unified, safe, and efficient."

1, symptomatic medication: Only symptomatic medication, in order to receive the necessary control effect. Different pests have different hazard characteristics and different drug sites. Such as vegetable downy mildew, gray mold, disease, powdery mildew, black mold, penicillosis and rust, etc., should focus on spraying the back of the spray; anthrax, ring disease, leaf blight, leaf rot Diseases, etc., spraying should be focused on the front of the spray.

2, timely medication: according to the different characteristics of pests during the reproductive period of time medication. Vegetable insect pests increase with the age of insects, and their drug resistance also gradually increases. The optimum period of pesticide pesticide application should be before the third stage of larval stage. For borers, insects such as cotton bollworm, borerworm, spotted fly, onion thrips, etc. Lure trapping, the effect is obvious.

According to different climates, choose the best medication period. The control effect of pesticides is closely related to the level of temperature, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate and phoxim, and the control effect will increase with increasing temperature within a certain temperature range. Such pesticides should be used at higher temperatures; Pyrethroid insecticides such as kung fu, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, etc., have better control effects at lower temperatures. Such pesticides should be used in the morning and evening; insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators with endotracheal transport function, when the light in the field is weak, the temperature is low, and the relative humidity of the air begins to rise, the pharmaceutical agent Less volatile, better control effect, such agents should be used in the afternoon or evening; Microbial insecticides sensitive to light, humidity, should be selected when the fog when the drug.

According to the characteristics of the different diseases of vegetable diseases, choose the best period of application. The use of drugs should be used to prevent and control disease before serious damage and heavy output loss. When applying a protective bactericide, it should be applied before the bacteria infect the crop, such as the prevention and treatment of vegetable virus disease is more difficult.

Choose the best time based on the effect of cultivation management after medication. When using drugs in winter greenhouses, in order to maintain the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the humidity of the air, medications should be taken on sunny mornings or at noon to facilitate ventilation and dehumidification. Vegetables are cultivated in the open field to avoid the use of drugs before rainfall and to prevent the rain from diluting the liquid.

3. Concentration is appropriate: Concentration has a direct relationship with the insecticidal effect of pesticides. If the concentration is too low, the efficacy will be affected. If the concentration is too high, it will not only waste pesticides, increase costs, kill a large number of natural enemies, but also cause resistance to insects and even cause vegetables. Drug damage, resulting in reduced production. Therefore, according to the toxicity of pesticides and the occurrence of pests, combined with weather conditions and vegetable varieties, the preparation of a reasonable concentration of pesticides can be effective.

4. Appropriate method of drug use: control of underground pests, available dressing, poison baits, toxic soil, irrigation roots, soil treatment and other methods. To prevent seed from bacteria, seeds can be treated with chemicals, soaking in warm soup, etc. The drug is used in the production of protected land, and spray and igniting aerosols are commonly used. The smog method is better than the spray method. The smog method has the advantages of convenient use, uniform application, good quick effect, timely prevention and control, high utilization rate, and no increase of indoor air humidity.

5, alternating medication: the use of a long-term use of a pesticide to prevent a pest or disease, easy to make pests or bacteria resistance, reduce control effect. The use of two or more pesticides with the same or substantially the same control object can improve the control effect and delay the resistance to a certain pesticide.

6, mixed medication: in the prevention of pests and diseases, with 2 or more than two kinds of pesticides can be mixed application, can enhance efficacy, reduce the number of applications, reduce labor, improve control effect, expand the scope of control, enhance pest control, The role of bactericidal, to overcome and delay the emergence of pest resistance. Mixed pesticides must be based on maintaining the active ingredients and good physical properties of the original drug so as not to produce high toxicity, no effect on efficacy, or synergy.

7. Safe medication: The vast majority of pesticides are toxic to humans and animals. The application should be strictly in accordance with regulations to prevent human and animal poisoning. In the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, strict compliance with the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture shall be banned for highly toxic and high-residue pesticides and to prevent pollution of vegetables and the environment. Non-pollution biological pesticides shall be used as far as possible.

8. Remedy for phytotoxicity: When phytotoxicity occurs, the leaves are most affected. Generally, the leaves are withered, the color fades, and they gradually turn yellowish-white, accompanied by various kinds of blemishes, scotomas on the edges, tissue perforation, and shrinkage. Curling, thickening and stiffening, falling off earlier.

If you find that the wrong pesticide is sprayed, rinse it with clean water 2-3 times and wash the surface liquid. Alkaline pesticides can cause damage by adding appropriate amount of vinegar in clean water. Acidic pesticides can cause harm by adding 0.1% quicklime into clean water. Indoors can be ventilated when the weather is appropriate to discharge harmful gases.

After the leaves are damaged, the chlorosis changes color and loses its physiological functions. It must be removed in time to prevent the agent from infiltrating and transmitting in the plant body, prompting the plants to sprout new shoots and new leaves as soon as possible and restore normal growth.

Increase the water content of cells in plants, promote metabolism, and reduce the relative content of harmful substances. At the same time, it dilutes the harmful substances accumulated in the roots, promotes the growth and development of the root system, and relieves the phytotoxicity.

Spray foliar fertilizers, such as spraying plant life, spraying Bao, plant power 2003, Gao Mei Shi, Feng Shou Ling, Ye Mianbao, BR-120, Lufengsu, love more and gibberellin, etc. 1- 2 times, it can also play a role in mitigation.

Cucumber plants have weak resistance to pesticides at the seedling stage and flowering stage, and should be used with caution when using drugs. At noon of high temperature and drought, due to sufficient sunshine, the moisture in the liquid sprayed on the cucumber leaves quickly evaporates, increasing the concentration of the local liquid. At this time, the resistance of the cucumber is weak, and it is easy to cause phytotoxicity. The best time to choose 3-4 pm.

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