I. Overview
Longevity vegetables, also known as leaves with sweet potatoes, commonly known as sweet potato leaves, sweet potato leaves, and sweet potato leaves, are the leaves, petioles, and buds of sweet potatoes. The scientific name is Ipomoea atatas (L.) Lam., which is a Convolvulaceae morning glory. A herbaceous creeping plant. Native to tropical America, it is now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In all parts of China, there are cultivations in the north and south, mainly for the harvesting of underground roots, leaf vines for feed, and folks have to eat leaves as coarse food. In recent years, it has been found that potato leaves are rich in nutrients and are the source of vitamins, minerals, potassium and calcium, and they have very few pests and diseases. They rarely use pesticides, they grow faster than other leafy vegetables and they grow rapidly. They are good for summer. Leaf vegetables. It has gained importance in people's pursuit of natural flavor, and it has developed rapidly as an excellent dark green vegetable in Taiwan Province.
Second, the characteristics of characteristics
1. Nutritional components and methods of eating
Taking Shandong sweet potato leaves as samples, each 100 grams of fresh leaves and petiole contained 85.34 grams of moisture, 2.74 grams of crude protein, 1.96 grams of crude fiber, 580 international units of vitamin A?5, 10.14 milligrams of vitamin B, and 20.35 milligrams of vitamin B? , Vitamin C 86.3 mg, Potassium 503 mg, Sodium 19.6 mg, Calcium 195 mg, Magnesium 61.1 mg, Phosphorus 33.8 mg, Copper 0.4 mg, Iron 2.66 mg, Zinc 0.3 mg, Manganese 1.19 mg, Phosphorus 0.83 mg, Niacin 0.6 mg.
Sweet potato leaf is sweet and non-toxic. The flavor is somewhat similar to that of the vegetables, but the texture is softer. Before cooking, the skin of the petiole should be torn off, fried or soup, or cold. Should be accompanied by garlic or garlic to increase the aroma.
2. Botanical characteristics
The larger underground meaty roots are yellow and rarely purple. Stems grow, easy to grow adventitious roots after stemming. Heart-shaped to palmately lobed, leaf color green, purple, yellow and other varieties. Sweet potatoes in southern China can bloom and flower, such as petunias, purple, white or white with purple stripes. Cheng Cangsheng cymes, sometimes solitary, with long pedicels; calyx deeply lobed, corolla funnel-shaped, apical lobes not spreading, shaped like morning glory. Capsule, seed 4 seeds.
3. Requirements for environmental conditions
The leaves use sweet potato for warm climate, high temperature resistance, frost resistance, drought resistance and alkali resistance. When harvested with tubers, it is suitable for planting in fertile, well-drained sandy loam. The leaves use sweet potatoes instead of soil, and the soil can be fertile. The growth period requires sufficient light.
Third, cultivation points
1. Cultivation season
In the frost-free period, the county can plant crops in open field, but it grows very slowly when the temperature is below 15 degrees Celsius, and grows best when the temperature is 25 to 35 degrees Celsius, so it is suitable for summer planting.
2. The breeding leaves of seedlings with sweet potatoes are usually propagated by cuttings and then cuttings. Spring mulching film seedlings emerged half a month earlier than the open field seedlings, and the seedling volume increased by 40%.
1 Timely sowing: When the temperature stabilizes in spring, the planting starts at 14 degrees Celsius. Sowing with a hotbed requires a bed temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius.
2 Seedbed preparation: The seedlings were selected for the north-south, sheltered-to-sunshine, easy irrigation and drainage, and more fertile sandy loam, and the plots of onions, garlic, ginger, jute, alfalfa, and cassava were not planted for more than three years. Intensive cultivation, for 20 cm high and 120 cm wide for ditching, preparation for sowing.
Seed disinfection treatment before sowing: 50% thiophanate-methyl 500 times or 25% carbendazim 1000 times soaked for 10 minutes.
Planting density of 2 to 3 rows per seedling planting, plant spacing 20 cm 30 cm, seedlings per hectare need to plant 22500 kilograms of potatoes, row of potatoes should pay attention to the head and tail, can not be placed upside down, potato pedicle up oblique row 45, potato pedicle Should be on a horizontal surface, the depth of the buried soil with potato pedicle. When rows of potato, the two sides of the pot should stay about 6 centimeters, and shovel soil with 3 centimeters to cover the soil. After each pot row of potatoes is covered with soil, it will be put on the mulch, pressed on both sides with fine soil, and cleaned on the membrane. Soil and debris are used to increase the temperature of the light. Generally about 15 days after sowing, seedlings begin to emerge. The seedlings are about to be perforated with 1 cm of plastic film to protect the seedlings from the membrane, and the membrane is pressed with fine soil.
3. Seedling management seedlings often have to check the temperature within the film after the growth, seedling height 10 cm, such as noon temperature 35 degrees Celsius membrane, it should be timely uncovering the film, and apply a thin water and fertilizer, Qinggou soil protection seedlings. When the seedling grows about 15 centimeters, the seedlings are planted in time. After 3 to 4 days of prosthesis, picking at the noon on sunny days promoted the sprouting of the branches. 25 cm long branches can be cut and planted.
4. Colonization
1 Base fertilizer should be applied in the planting area: The basal fertilizer should be suitably cooked farmyard fertilizer and superphosphate added. For high ridge width, to prevent the rainy season water, the width of 60 to 70 cm, two kinds of lines.
2 planting method: according to the spacing of 25 to 30 cm with a spatula dig the soil diagonally, the potato seedlings inserted; potato seedlings about 20 cm long, into the soil depth of about 10 cm. Water is poured after the whole cutting is done.
5. Harvesting can generally be harvested after 40 to 50 days of cuttings. The top shoots are harvested first to allow the lateral branches to germinate. After long leaves are enlarged, they are harvested from the base of the petiole.
6. Preservation of Seed Potatoes After digging the underground tubers in autumn and winter, select medium-sized, worm-free and damaged potato pieces, store them in sand or vegetation and place them indoors. Store in the northern part of the cell at about 10 degrees Celsius, and take out the germination in the spring. Nursery.
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