To improve the quality and yield of corn seed production, it is necessary to first select qualified parent seeds, and at the same time, strengthen cultivation and management.
First, safety isolation
The spatial separation of seed production shall not be less than 400 meters. The surrounding area within the area shall be calculated in a straight line, and at least 300 meters shall not be planted in spring and summer. This work requires repeated inspections from pre-planting to tasseling to identify problems, deal with them in a timely manner, eliminate future problems, isolate barriers such as villages, forests, etc., and make appropriate additions and deletions according to the degree of safety to minimize various losses. In order to ensure the quality and safety of hybrids, this is also the basic principle for improving seed quality.
Second, sowing time and depth
In recent years, there has been continuous drought, most of which have no irrigation conditions, and have poor spring enthalpy and low ground temperature, which makes it easy to postpone the sowing date. The parent seed has weaker top soil. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully prepare land before sowing, and at the same time choose flat terrain, contiguous continuum, and good fertility. Nutrients are all in order to achieve ground-level soil smashing, and make imaginary soil, fill the land with sufficient weight, apply 5,000 kg of fertilizer per mu, 30 to 40 kg of urea, 20 to 30 kg of diammonium, and 80 to 100 kg of superphosphate. Potash 10 to 15 kg. Adhere to deepening, eliminate appetite, sowing time, such as Heyang County, April 15 to 25 as the best sowing date, sowing should not be too deep, the general depth of 3-5 cm into the soil, in case of a drop in temperature, will Affect the germination rate, so not too early or too late, it is best to use plastic film.
Third, the sowing method and density
The standard film, first to cover the ground film close to the ground, four sides pressed, every 30-50 cm to the film plus soil wind Zhang. Membrane should be straight, both sides with a thin soil 20 cm around the film, the width and width of the planting, wide line 70 cm, narrow 40 cm, spacing 30-70 cm, leave the seedlings per acre of 3500-4000 strains, parents in accordance with the provisions of the ratio of species In the membrane, the membrane was punched and then drilled on demand, and then the pores were sealed with fine soil.
IV. Field Management at Seedling Stage
Timely release of seedlings, seeding 10 days after sowing often to see the situation in the field, check the seedling hole is relative, rotten membrane place to compact with fine soil. It is best to release the seedlings before 10:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon. The temperature is high at noon and it is easy to injure the seedlings. After the seedlings are released, the wells shall be sealed in time to prevent the wind blow and other reasons from damaging the plastic film. After emergence, timely inspection seedlings, make up seedlings, adhere to the three-leaf seedlings, five leaves Dingmiao, prevent seedlings, select the uniform seedlings, the general accuracy is still relatively high.
V. Mid-term management and miscellaneous
Maize is a big and large ear crop, and the yield per plant is higher. At present, the majority of crops in our province are insufficient, mainly due to poor sowing quality and many underground pests, which can easily cause seedlings and broken strips, and can not leave seedlings according to distance. Therefore, we must overcome the idea of ​​sparse planting, increase the amount of seeding, and ensure the density of seedlings. The cultivator can loosen the soil, improve the nutrient conditions of the plants, increase the temperature of the soil, make the seedlings grow robust and robust, protect the locusts and prevent drought, and can condition fertilizers and soils during the bell mouth period. In order to prevent the emergence of miscellaneous seedlings, it is necessary to strictly eliminate impurities before and after flowering and pollination, according to their own characteristics, characteristics, from the seedling stage began to miscellaneous. This not only compensates for the impure seeds of the seed production unit's congenital conditions, but also reduces the losses caused by the farmers' miscellaneous activities. When parents pay attention to miscellaneous activities, the parents should perform the same at the same time.
Sixth, touch with leaves, ahead of time
Touching stalks with leaves is an important measure to effectively increase the seed production and ensure the purity of seed production. Practice has shown that with one or two leaf emasculation with leaves, can reduce the plant's own nutrient consumption, does not affect the photosynthetic rate of the leaves, but also can prevent with the loose powder, or adjust a flowering period of a measure. Generally, the mother can spit silk for 2 days, and emasculation should be thorough and complete, including cultivating field corners, scattered lands and weak plantlets, and at the same time preventing the withdrawal of tassels. The remaining part of the scattered scattered powder, and all the tassels should be taken out of the field digging deep buried in order to avoid artificial pollen self-residue.
VII. Artificially assisted pollination and removal of the father
In the loosening silking stage, when the mother's temporal lobe is too long and tight, or when the mother's flowering stage is later than the father's, the method of cutting the loquat leaves is adopted. Generally cut 2-3 cm, so that the leaves are neat and conducive to pollination. Artificially assisted pollination is an important measure to increase production. Especially in the case of a small proportion of fathers or a small amount of pollen, it is more important to do a good job of artificial pollination. It is usually beaten with a bamboo pole or pulled with a rope. For the father with a small amount of pollen, it is necessary to set up a powder collection area and pollinate the collected pollen in different ways, preferably 8 to 10 points. If rain occurs within 6 days after pollination, pollination should be repeated. After the pollination is completed, the father is cut off immediately. This will not only prevent the father from mistaking it at the time of harvest, but also increase the purity of the hybrid, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, increase the utilization of light energy, and increase the yield. If the proportion of the male parent is too large or the planting density is too small, the father will have to cut off the production of the field. When harvesting, the father shall receive the parent and then the mother.
Eight, picking threshing, good harvest
Prior to threshing, spikelets, grains, axes, and other unqualified spikelets must be removed, and single drying must be performed. Prevent man-made mechanical miscellaneous, remove diseased, mildewed, and poorly ripened fruit spikes before threshing. Before bagging into stock, seeds must be fully dried, and the quality of the good seeds must be finally closed.
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