December 21 is the last solar term of 2020 (Gregorian calendar)-"Winter Solstice". "Winter Solstice" was also called "day short" and "day short solstice" in ancient times. After the "winter solstice", the northern hemisphere gradually increased during the day and gradually shortened at night.
In the winter solstice, the climate is getting colder. Therefore, all regions must implement field management measures according to time, place and seedling to promote the transformation and upgrading of wheat and rape seedlings. In addition, in the near future, attention should be paid to the use of winter slack time to carry out farmland infrastructure construction, and to pay attention to the management of rainwater collection and storage in paddy fields to prevent winter drought and water shortage.
Most of the country has low temperatures and little precipitation
In the next 10 days (December 21-30), most of the country's precipitation will be low; in northern Xinjiang, the southeast of the northwestern region, the southwestern region, southern China, and Jiangnan, the accumulated precipitation will be 3-10 mm. There is basically no precipitation in North China, Huanghuai and other places.
At the same time, in the next 10 days, cold air activities will be more frequent, and the temperature in most agricultural areas across the country will be lower than normal, which is unfavorable for facility agriculture and animal husbandry production. There will be no precipitation in most of the northern winter wheat regions, and the weather conditions are generally conducive to winter wheat hardening exercise; The rainy (snow) weather in the southern region is likely to cause cold (freezing) damage to open-field vegetables and economic trees, and it is also not conducive to the growth of wheat and rapeseed.
Wheat: Can be covered with thin soil to prevent cold
For wheat, due to missing seed, lack of moisture, underground pests and other reasons, the fields with lack of seedlings and ridges should be checked in time for seedlings and replanting. The replanted wheat seeds should be soaked in cold water for 24 hours and then dried and planted. Miao Quan Miao Yun.
As the saying goes, "wheat eats twelfth lunar month soil", after wheat enters the overwintering period, a thin soil of about 2 cm can be covered on the wheat seedlings, which plays the role of heat preservation, moisture preservation and cold protection, and promotes the early and stable growth of wheat seedlings in spring.
During the wintering period, if the wheat encounters continuous rainy days, it should be cultivated to loosen the soil in time to break the compaction and promote the growth of the root system. Specifically, the weak seedlings should be hoeed shallowly to break the compaction, promote weak and strong growth, and prevent root damage and soil lump pressure on the seedlings; for the wheat fields that are likely to grow, deep hoe should be appropriate to inhibit the growth of the above-ground part, and control the growth. Get stronger. Wheat in saline-alkali land should be hoeed after rain to prevent the salt returning from harming the wheat seedlings.
Fruit trees: deep plowing the frozen soil to remove the crown
With the arrival of the winter solstice, many fruit trees have entered the dormant period of growth, but at this time the management of the orchard by the fruit farmers has not been wasteful, especially in the winter fruit tree antifreeze, we cannot take it lightly.
When pruning fruit trees, they mainly cut off diseased and pest branches, cross branches, drooping branches and elongated branches in the crown. Then, each plant can be applied with 0.5 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium fertilizer, and bury it around the root crown to a depth of about 20 cm. Lime water coats the trunk of the tree, and the ground is covered with a thin layer of straw or weeds.
Before the soil freezes, pour frozen water again. Dig circular trenches or radial trenches under the projection of the fruit tree. Generally, according to the size of the tree, 2 kg of organic fertilizer is applied for every 1 kg of fruit produced. If conditions permit, the orchard can be cultivated first, and then covered with grass. The thickness is generally about 6 cm. It can not only regulate soil temperature and humidity, but also increase soil nutrients.
The time of irrigating and freezing fruit trees is mainly related to the ambient temperature in winter. Watering too early will delay the dormant period of fruit trees and affect the fruit setting rate in the coming year. Watering too late, because ground freezing often makes it difficult for water to infiltrate in a short period of time, and gathers on the soil surface, which can easily cause freezing damage to fruit trees, so it must be handled carefully.
Deep plowing of frozen soil, when the soil seems to be frozen and non-frozen around the winter solstice, a full plowing of the orchard is not only beneficial to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, prevent soil compaction, but also helps freeze the overwintering pests and pupae in the soil And grass roots, grass seeds, etc.
Rape: emergency resistance to low temperature
The recent large temperature drop and wide impact range are extremely unfavorable for rapeseed in the vegetative growth period of the seedling stage. In order to avoid losses, experts recommend that the following emergency measures should be taken after the weather has cleared recently to ensure that rapeseed can produce high yields after low temperatures.
First of all, the frozen soil is scattered after the ice and snow melts, which can easily cause the blockage of the field ditches and water damage to the roots. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the ditch in time to maintain the root system, enhance its ability to absorb nutrients, and ensure its growth and recovery. nutrient.
Second, take advantage of the melting of the snow and ice to take advantage of the sunny days to knock out the frozen old yellow leaves and severely frost-damaged leaf stalks of rapeseed, and clear out the field to reduce field concealment, ventilate and transmit light, reduce field humidity, and promote the growth of the middle and lower branches. , To make up for the loss of freezing damage.
Finally, it is necessary to choose a sunny afternoon after the ice and snow melt, and apply fertilizer to the weaker ones in time, generally 2.5-5 kg ​​of urea per mu. Where conditions permit, measures such as increased application of organic fertilizer and straw mulching can be taken to resist cold and freeze.
Flowers: pay attention to heat preservation and antifreeze
First of all, the flowers that are not cold-tolerant should be treated with cold protection. Potted plants that are not cold-resistant should be moved into the house one after another to avoid the cold, or covered with plastic film, or plastic bags can be used to directly cover the flowers and trees.
For dormant or semi-dormant flowers and trees, fertilization and watering should be stopped. The watering time should be at noon on a sunny day. The water temperature****** is about the same as room temperature. Generally, the potting soil is dried out before watering. Enough water. The flowers in the room should be kept at a proper temperature and pay attention to ventilation. At the same time, hurry up and trim the flowers and seedlings to keep the tree air and light.
Common diseases this month include powdery mildew, coal pollution, etc. Common pests include aphids, whitefly, etc. The garden can be cleaned in conjunction with tree trimming and pruning, and measures such as spraying lime sulfur mixture and whitening trunks to prevent pests Control.
Vegetables: Do a good job in greenhouse management to supplement trace elements
Winter vegetable planting is an important part of winter agricultural production, and it plays a vital role in ensuring market supply and promoting agricultural income. Winter is the shortest period of light in the year. On the one hand, the low temperature weather is conducive to the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and strong seedlings overwintering. On the other hand, disastrous weather such as low temperature, continuous overcast, rain and snow often brings varying degrees of damage to vegetable production. Chilling injury and freezing injury. Therefore, the management of winter vegetables cannot be ignored.
After the winter, the temperature difference between day and night in the vegetable greenhouses changes greatly. There is sufficient sunlight during the day, and the temperature of the film sealing rises quickly. The temperature increase effect is poor in rainy days. When the temperature is too low, vegetables grow slowly; but when the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause vegetables to grow long and burn seedlings. Therefore, if the temperature is not too low, the shed film can be uncovered; if the temperature is low, the mulch film can be covered early to reduce the occurrence of low-temperature freezing damage.
In addition, this season also needs to add trace elements to vegetables in time, such as boron, zinc, iron, etc., apply more organic fertilizers during the growth of vegetables, and also apply biological bacterial fertilizers appropriately to activate the soil and increase the ground temperature. Combined with chemical fertilizers, it can also prevent fertilizer damage, increase soil organic matter, enhance nutrient effects, and promote vegetable root development.
tips
The winter solstice is as big as a year
As the earliest solar term formulated in the twenty-four solar terms, "Winter Solstice" is undoubtedly a very important solar term in the lunar calendar, and it is also a traditional festival of the Chinese nation. On this day, northerners eat dumplings and southerners eat dumplings. Many places have the habit of eating lamb.
The winter solstice is the longest night of the year, after which the day gradually becomes longer. In ancient times, people believed that the winter solstice was the natural transformation of yin and yang, and it was a blessing bestowed by heaven. This day is an auspicious day, indicating whether it will be extremely peaceful and worthy of celebration. Therefore, this solar term is called "Ya Sui" and ranked second. The first of the fourteen solar terms.
In our country, there has always been a saying that "the winter solstice is as big as the year", indicating that the importance of the winter solstice is second only to the Chinese New Year. On this day, many areas have the custom of offering sacrifices to the heavens and ancestors. While offering sacrifices to the ancestors, some places also worship the gods of the heavens and the land, and worship the gods in order to pray for the good weather and prosperity of the family in the coming year.
In addition, as soon as the winter solstice arrives, people begin to count "nine." The winter solstice is the first day of nineteen nineteen. Since then, nineteen days have been counted. After nine nine days, the weather began to warm up, and winter is over.
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