First, timely harvesting of fruit harvested in appropriate period has a great impact on improving the yield, quality and storability. Hawthorn fruit growth and development, the early and late rapid, medium-term slow. The increase in longitudinal diameter of the fruit was greater than that of the transverse diameter in the early period. By mid-August, the lateral diameter increased rapidly over the longitudinal diameter, and the fruit was mostly oblate. From the middle of September to the beginning of October, it was the second peak of fruit growth. Staged harvesting test for hawthorn: From September 25 to October 15, harvested once every five days. The last harvest was 23.55% higher than the 100% harvested 20 days earlier. According to this calculation, starting from September 25, taking 1 day each night, can increase production by 1.17%. Therefore, premature harvesting of the mountains will inevitably lead to a reduction in production.
The harvest time of northern foothills is appropriate in early October. Proper harvest can not only improve the yield and quality, but also improve the storage stability. Storage practices have proven that the later picking, the less the weight loss trend.
Second, the storage of hawthorn
1. Preservation of hawthorn fruit should pay attention to the conditions Hawthorn fruit contains more water and soluble nutrients, is easily rot, and there is a conflict between seasonal production and annual consumption. If properly stored, this contradiction can be resolved to meet people's needs. On-site storage can ease the pressure of centralized transportation during the harvest season and increase income.
After the fruit is harvested, although it is separated from the woods, it continues its life activities. In order to maintain the weight, appearance, flavor, hardness, and nutritional value of the fruit, it is necessary to artificially control the temperature, humidity, and air composition of the storage environment in accordance with its biological characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions. Hawthorn storage requires a suitable temperature, generally 0 degrees Celsius, and the packaged hawthorn can be as low as minus 2 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. In storage, the relative humidity is too low, the fruit's moisture evaporates easily, to a certain extent, there will be atrophy, resulting in loss of weight or reduced quality. For stored hawthorns under zero conditions, the relative temperature should be 80% to 85%. The ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air also has a significant effect on the respiratory intensity of the fruit. Increasing the concentration of oxygen will increase the respiratory intensity. Conversely, an appropriate increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide can inhibit the respiration and reproduction of microorganisms and extend the shelf life. Closed storage environment, carbon content, improve storage effect, mechanical damage after the mouth make the respiration increased, promote water evaporation, while reducing the resistance to microbial infection, therefore, to minimize mechanical damage.
2. Storage methods There are many good ways for fruit growers to store hawthorn. (1) Temporary storage: Hawthorn fruits cannot be transported immediately after they are harvested, or they need to be stored in the pit for long-term storage and they need to be temporarily stored after picking. Temporary storage should choose high-pitched, ventilated shady place to take a pergola, to prevent the sun from shining in the shed, the temperature of the shed should be cold and moist, easy to heat, to reduce inhalation intensity and microbial reproduction activities, reduce consumption, prevent storage and transportation Mildew occurs. Avoid picking up after the fruit is accumulated in the sun or the sun in the warehouse.
(2) Storage in winter 1 Cellar method: It is best to enter the cellar when the weather becomes cold in the middle and late November. It is not advisable to enter the pits too early to avoid injury. The cellar mouth should be large, and the cellar body length can keep more cellar mouths, cover the straw curtains, determine the time of opening the cellar mouth according to the seasons, ventilation, and adjust the temperature. When storing in the cellar, basket walls should be filled with straw for ventilation. Generally, they can be stored until April of the following year. If the storage period is prolonged, the pouches must be opened to allow them to dissipate heat and deflate, and they must be inspected at any time. fruit. According to the introduction of the Changli fruit tree in Hebei province, when the storage capacity is low, a small cellar can be used. The cellar depth is 60-80 cm and the width is 40-60 cm. The length depends on the number of fruits. At the bottom of the cellar, the pine and cypress leaves are placed in the middle, the mountains are placed on the middle, the orange or hawthorn leaves are covered, and then the slate and stalks are covered. The cold area is covered with a layer of soil and the soil thickness is about 30-60 cm. This can be stored until the Jubilee Festival (early April).
2-cylinder method: Store in a cool, indoor tank for small amounts. At the bottom of the bowl, a pot of straw (4 to 6 pieces) is placed in the middle for ventilation. Place the selected hawthorn into the cylinder and place it 15 cm from the cylinder edge. Put 6 to 9 centimeters of secondary fruit, and then use soft grass and soft objects to flatten the cylinder surface. After 2 to 3 weeks of fruit cooling, water evaporates. When the weather turns cold in November, use paper (or kraft paper or sticky mud to seal it tightly. As long as the house is not too cold, the general temperature is between 0 degrees Celsius and 1 degree Celsius, and when the relative temperature is between 80% and 85%, the fruit storage is better.
3 Storage method of plastic bags: After hawthorn fruits are harvested, they are pre-chilled and stored until mid-November. After the hawthorn fruits are stored, they are placed in wooden boxes filled with plastic bags. The plastic bags can be large or small. Do not tie, only put the bag mouth, put in 0 degrees Celsius room or cellar storage. After many years of testing, it can be stored until the second year from June to July. The humidity inside the bag is basically not affected by the storage environment.
4 Burial method: In order to extend the storage time of hawthorn and meet the needs of the market, the method of burial can be used. It is stored from October to November each year and can be supplied until the second year of May to June. The method is simple and effective. The method is to dig deep in the shadow of the hillside 1 meter deep, 30 centimeters in diameter round pit, the bottom of the pit is paved with a layer of sand, about 15 to 20 centimeters thick, and then put the selected pile of mountains into the inside, about 50 cm thick, above again Cover 15 to 20 centimeters of fine sand, and finally fill or flatten the soil. After burying it, you do not need to manage it. You can dig it at any time.
The harvest time of northern foothills is appropriate in early October. Proper harvest can not only improve the yield and quality, but also improve the storage stability. Storage practices have proven that the later picking, the less the weight loss trend.
Second, the storage of hawthorn
1. Preservation of hawthorn fruit should pay attention to the conditions Hawthorn fruit contains more water and soluble nutrients, is easily rot, and there is a conflict between seasonal production and annual consumption. If properly stored, this contradiction can be resolved to meet people's needs. On-site storage can ease the pressure of centralized transportation during the harvest season and increase income.
After the fruit is harvested, although it is separated from the woods, it continues its life activities. In order to maintain the weight, appearance, flavor, hardness, and nutritional value of the fruit, it is necessary to artificially control the temperature, humidity, and air composition of the storage environment in accordance with its biological characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions. Hawthorn storage requires a suitable temperature, generally 0 degrees Celsius, and the packaged hawthorn can be as low as minus 2 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. In storage, the relative humidity is too low, the fruit's moisture evaporates easily, to a certain extent, there will be atrophy, resulting in loss of weight or reduced quality. For stored hawthorns under zero conditions, the relative temperature should be 80% to 85%. The ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air also has a significant effect on the respiratory intensity of the fruit. Increasing the concentration of oxygen will increase the respiratory intensity. Conversely, an appropriate increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide can inhibit the respiration and reproduction of microorganisms and extend the shelf life. Closed storage environment, carbon content, improve storage effect, mechanical damage after the mouth make the respiration increased, promote water evaporation, while reducing the resistance to microbial infection, therefore, to minimize mechanical damage.
2. Storage methods There are many good ways for fruit growers to store hawthorn. (1) Temporary storage: Hawthorn fruits cannot be transported immediately after they are harvested, or they need to be stored in the pit for long-term storage and they need to be temporarily stored after picking. Temporary storage should choose high-pitched, ventilated shady place to take a pergola, to prevent the sun from shining in the shed, the temperature of the shed should be cold and moist, easy to heat, to reduce inhalation intensity and microbial reproduction activities, reduce consumption, prevent storage and transportation Mildew occurs. Avoid picking up after the fruit is accumulated in the sun or the sun in the warehouse.
(2) Storage in winter 1 Cellar method: It is best to enter the cellar when the weather becomes cold in the middle and late November. It is not advisable to enter the pits too early to avoid injury. The cellar mouth should be large, and the cellar body length can keep more cellar mouths, cover the straw curtains, determine the time of opening the cellar mouth according to the seasons, ventilation, and adjust the temperature. When storing in the cellar, basket walls should be filled with straw for ventilation. Generally, they can be stored until April of the following year. If the storage period is prolonged, the pouches must be opened to allow them to dissipate heat and deflate, and they must be inspected at any time. fruit. According to the introduction of the Changli fruit tree in Hebei province, when the storage capacity is low, a small cellar can be used. The cellar depth is 60-80 cm and the width is 40-60 cm. The length depends on the number of fruits. At the bottom of the cellar, the pine and cypress leaves are placed in the middle, the mountains are placed on the middle, the orange or hawthorn leaves are covered, and then the slate and stalks are covered. The cold area is covered with a layer of soil and the soil thickness is about 30-60 cm. This can be stored until the Jubilee Festival (early April).
2-cylinder method: Store in a cool, indoor tank for small amounts. At the bottom of the bowl, a pot of straw (4 to 6 pieces) is placed in the middle for ventilation. Place the selected hawthorn into the cylinder and place it 15 cm from the cylinder edge. Put 6 to 9 centimeters of secondary fruit, and then use soft grass and soft objects to flatten the cylinder surface. After 2 to 3 weeks of fruit cooling, water evaporates. When the weather turns cold in November, use paper (or kraft paper or sticky mud to seal it tightly. As long as the house is not too cold, the general temperature is between 0 degrees Celsius and 1 degree Celsius, and when the relative temperature is between 80% and 85%, the fruit storage is better.
3 Storage method of plastic bags: After hawthorn fruits are harvested, they are pre-chilled and stored until mid-November. After the hawthorn fruits are stored, they are placed in wooden boxes filled with plastic bags. The plastic bags can be large or small. Do not tie, only put the bag mouth, put in 0 degrees Celsius room or cellar storage. After many years of testing, it can be stored until the second year from June to July. The humidity inside the bag is basically not affected by the storage environment.
4 Burial method: In order to extend the storage time of hawthorn and meet the needs of the market, the method of burial can be used. It is stored from October to November each year and can be supplied until the second year of May to June. The method is simple and effective. The method is to dig deep in the shadow of the hillside 1 meter deep, 30 centimeters in diameter round pit, the bottom of the pit is paved with a layer of sand, about 15 to 20 centimeters thick, and then put the selected pile of mountains into the inside, about 50 cm thick, above again Cover 15 to 20 centimeters of fine sand, and finally fill or flatten the soil. After burying it, you do not need to manage it. You can dig it at any time.
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