"Cleaning the garden in winter is an important part of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests. Because winter is the latent overwintering period of fruit tree diseases and insect pests, and the overwintering place is relatively fixed, and the orange trees have also entered the dormant period, and they have strong tolerance to pesticides and are not prone to pesticide damage. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases can get twice the result with half the effort.†On November 10, at the citrus planting base in Guoshan Village, Xinzheng Town, Yilong County, Chen Guochang, agronomist from the County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, explained the winter citrus orchard with the town’s agricultural technicians to farmers. Park clearing technology. He said that to clear the citrus garden in winter, the following three points should be done.
Restore tree vigor
After the citrus fruit matures, it will turn from the "sink" to the "source" to feed back the fruit tree, but after the fruit is picked, the original nutrient balance system of the tree is broken, and it is prone to dry leaf curling, yellow leaves and deciduous leaves, decline of tree vigor, and flower buds. If the differentiation is frustrated, it is necessary to use top dressing to restore the tree vigor. Generally, pruning should not be carried out immediately after the fruit is picked. The appropriate medicament should be selected according to the citrus species, tree age, cultivation management, climatic conditions, occurrence of diseases and insects, etc., and sprayed in suitable weather, evenly sprayed, to prevent cut mouth infection Germs. Combined with foliar fertilizer, it can quickly replenish nutrients and restore tree vigor. It can be sprayed with phosphorus and potassium source reservoirs, red reservoirs and other foliar fertilizers to supplement tree nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation, and enhance tree vigor to protect leaves and prevent falling. After half a month, apply water and fertilizer again to help restore the tree vigor, but pay attention to controlling the water consumption so as not to hinder the differentiation of flower buds. For serious soil problems, organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer should be added to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, strengthen the beneficial flora, promote the growth of the root system, and provide sufficient nutrients for the fruit tree to restore the tree vigor and flower bud differentiation as soon as possible, and promote the tree body Overwinter safely.
Pruning and clearing the garden
After the tree's vigor is restored, pruning is selected when it is sunny, dry, and low temperature. The main object is the fruit tree after the fruit is picked. Generally, no or less shear is used for the remaining fruit for the winter, young trees and frozen trees. When the cold wave arrives, the citrus orchard will suffer from freezing damage. Do not trim blindly at this time. The first step is to wait until the new shoots have fully germinated and the life and death boundary of the branches can be clearly determined before supplementing.
The focus of pruning is mainly to top the crown of the tree that is too high and dense, open windows, and cut off the overlapping branches; secondly, cut off the fruit branches, long branches, and riding branches of the middle and late varieties (especially oranges); the third is to cut pests Branches, weak branches, declining branches, dry branches. Pruning effectively adjusts the crown structure, enhances the ventilation and light transmission of the crown, removes the source of diseases and insects, reduces ineffective branches, and increases the proportion of effective branches of fruit trees. This helps reduce unnecessary nutrient losses in the following year and concentrate nutrients for normal fruit trees. Bloom and bear fruit.
Winter is the dormancy period for most pests. Most of them live through the winter in the soil, weeds, or diseased branches and leaves. Therefore, after the orange orchard is pruned, the fallen leaves, weeds, pests and fruits, cut branches, etc. should be removed together, and the pesticide should be sprayed to clear the orchard in time to kill the overwintering pests in the orchard and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the coming year .
Soil loosening
Cultivating the citrus orchard to loosen the soil once in winter can improve the permeability of the orchard soil, increase the soil oxygen content, accelerate the conversion of soil nutrients, enhance the ability of soil heat preservation, moisture retention, drought resistance, and antifreeze, and at the same time can kill the overwintering pests in the orange orchard . Pests such as flower bud maggots, grubs, geometrid pupae, fruit fly pupae, mature lepidopteran larvae or pupae all overwinter in the soil. After plowing, it can reduce the number of insect populations and reduce the occurrence in the later period, which is also conducive to the next spring flowering The application of quick-acting fertilizer before and after can delay the generation time of summer grass shortage in orchard.
The field soil loosening of the citrus orchard soil manually or by machinery is in principle completed two weeks after fruit harvesting to before the Spring Festival (or the end of January of the following year). When loosening the soil, turn the soil 20-30 cm deep at the periphery of the canopy, cut off a few old roots, promote new roots, and loosen the mature soil. The soil cultivation needs to be carried out in the cold to spring before budding. Cultivating the soil after the cold is good for the orange orchard to resist drought and water retention, improve soil permeability, promote root growth, restore tree vigor, and also help the orange tree improve its resistance to diseases and insects. When cultivating the soil, use high-quality biological bacterial fertilizer as the best method. Dig a 30-40 cm deep hole around the plant and apply the biological bacterial fertilizer into the hole.
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