In recent years, the method of “flooding†has been widely adopted. “Fluid fertilization†is also called water flushing. It is a method of top dressing. That is, the quick-acting fertilizer in solid is dissolved in water and fertilized with water. Fertilizer fertilization usually uses water-soluble fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, both of which have strong water solubility. Through the combination of fertilizer and water, soluble nitrogen and potassium nutrients are infiltrated into the soil and absorbed by the crop roots. Fertilization is fertigation, and irrigation can be divided into well irrigation and irrigation, as well as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. In some places, the management is extensive and even fertilizes chemical fertilizers. This fertigation mode of flood irrigation highlights the word “redâ€, which is very likely to cause a large loss of nitrogen, but also causes the problem of low water use efficiency.
Fertilization is mainly used for topdressing in the vigorous season of growing vegetable crops. It is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Since the fertilization effect of fertilization is quicker, it is generally effective after 2 to 3 days or 3 to 5 days after flushing. Therefore, the fertilization has developed rapidly in recent years.
From the perspective of economic benefits and the comprehensive benefits of the environment and ecology, how do we make good use of fertigation?
The purpose of fertilization is not only for the high yield of crops, but also for comprehensive benefits. To this end, we must master the technical essentials of “flooding and fertilization†and use it to take advantage of advantages to overcome shortcomings.
First, the type of fertiliser fertilizer should be selected correctly. Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogenous fertilizers; potassium and potassium sulfates are used in potash fertilizers, and potassium nitrate can also be used. Phosphate fertilizers, even if they are water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphorus diammonium, do not flush, the reason is that the phosphate fertilizer dissolved after poor mobility, easily fixed, can not be infiltrated with the water to the root layer. For this reason, the best application method of phosphate fertilizer is to layer it into the soil in order to improve its utilization.
The single nutrient must be standardized. The amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2 to 4 kg/mu in each high-yielding vegetable plantation, especially nitrate nitrogen should be controlled within 2 to 3 kg/mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is generally 2 To 4 kg/mu; otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients will be large, which will not only reduce the nitrogen fertilizer utilization but also cause pollution to the water quality. Fertilization in the whole growth period is generally 2 times.
The period of crop fertilization is during the period of large crop growth. For example, fruit and vegetables in the full fruit period, after picking melons flushing; Another example is the Chinese cabbage cabbage, in the autumn vegetables, the choice of temperature dropped, the decline of soil mineralization, and vegetable crops is a large number of growth period is appropriate .
Irrigation control. In the case of flood irrigation, flood irrigation is prevented, and when the canal is irrigated, the depth of the ditch is adapted to the amount of water, so that nutrients dissolved in the water are prevented from being lost. It should be noted that the method of fertilization should be used in a timely and appropriate manner, mainly for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, mainly followed by nitrogen and potassium; there are several types of fertilizers that should not be applied, one should not be flushed, and the other should be phosphorus. Chong Shi granular compound fertilizer, three do not crush solid organic fertilizer, four do not flush microbial preparations or fertilizers.
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