[alias] Coral vegetables. Vegetable Yang Adenophora. Liao Sha. Ginseng.
[Common genus] is a genus of coral plants.
[Outline] North Adenophora is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effect of moistening the lungs, relieving cough, nourishing stomach, and producing fluid. It is mainly produced in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, and other provinces.
[Form] Perennial herb. Plant height 30 cm. Main root slender. Park-like shape. Length up to 40 cm. Meaty dense. Skin yellowish-white. Stems upright. No branches. Mostly buried in sandy soil. Partially exposed to the ground. Slightly simple. With long handles. Red-purple. 2 to 3 out. Pinnate or cracked. Leaves obovate. Surface green. Glossy. Hairless. Back fluff. Edge serrate. Complex umbellate. Flowering densely villous. Flowers small. White. Double hanging fruit. Obovate or elliptic. With brown spiny hairs. May flowering from May to June.
[Hair]: Sex hi to the sun. Warm and humid environment. Ability to resist cold. Drought. Salt scars. Fear of high temperatures and heat. The soil is required to be deep in the soil. Loose. Fertile and well-drained sandy loam is better. Clay and low enthalpy Water should not be planted. Avoid continuous cropping. Seeds are moist and germinate well under low temperature conditions. Lifespan is 1-2 years. The germination rate of the seeds in the next year is significantly reduced. The third year has lost all vitality. Therefore, fresh seeds are used for breeding.
[breeding method]: Breeding with seeds: 1. Retention and harvesting. When harvesting in autumn, choose 1-2 years of age. Don't flower in the year. The roots are thick, good plants without pests and pests are made as mother plants. Miao Nei. According to the spacing of 20 or 25 centimeters, according to the type of dig seeds, 3 plants per hole. Carefully cultivated after planting. Every summer, when the fruit turns yellow-brown, cut the fruit sequence and place it in a dry and ventilated place to dry. Seed treatment: autumn seeding uses fresh seeds of the current year. Spring sowing uses germinating seeds. That is: after threshing, and before entering winter, press 1 point of seed and 3 points of river sand to mix evenly. Seeds can germinate. Keep moist during layering.
[Planting technology] 1. Site selection and site preparation: The site of deep and loose soil and well-drained sandy soil should be selected. The northern sea cucumber is a root crop. After the site is selected, it should be deep-turned by about 40 centimeters. Fertilizer, and then fully site preparation, so that the soil loose, flattening after the width of 1.3 meters wide to be broadcast. 2, sowing can be autumn or spring sowing. Autumn broadcast and early August-September. After the immediate summer heat, it should not be too late Spring sowing and soil thawing in early spring and August-August. After thawing in the whole planting area, divide the planting distance by 20 cm. Ditch deep 3-5 cm. Ditch the bottom flat and then spread the germinating seeds evenly into the ditch. Inside, 2-3 cm after slaughter after sowing, compaction and moisturizing, about 7 kg per mu.
[Field Management]:
1. Seedlings keep soil moist after sowing, about half a month to start seedlings, when there are 2-3 true leaves when the seedlings, weak to stay strong, keep the spacing of 3 cm or so is appropriate. Too dense, weak growth, easy to disease; too thin, root prone to fork, affect the quality.
2. After cultivating weeds and seedlings, weeding and weeding began when the height of seedlings was more than 3 cm. Due to the smaller seedlings, weeds must be diligently slopped and the soil loosened to avoid injury. Otherwise affect the output.
3. Fertilizer top dressing 3 times. The first time after the seedlings were combined with cultivators, 1,500 kg of diluted faecal water was applied per acre. After the second seedling was applied, combined with cultivating and weeding, 2000-2500 kg of decomposed human or animal manure was applied per acre to promote seedling growth. The third time in July, with the expansion of the growing period, manure per acre followed by 2000 kg of superphosphate plus 20 kg, 30 kg of cake fertilizer or 50 kg of fire and earth ash to promote root growth.
4. In addition to leaving buds, the buds emerged and were removed in time, so that the nutrients were concentrated in the roots and grew.
[Pests and Diseases and Their Control]
1. Rust occurs from August to September. Hazardous to the leaves, a round yellow-green lesion appeared on the back of the leaves at the beginning, and gradually rose into a ecchymosis. After the rupture of the ecchymosis, yellow or rust-colored powder was emitted, which was the spores of the pathogen. The late onset site grew black powder, which is the fungal winter spore. The spores of the pathogen spread with the wind, and the diseased plants cause early defoliation and fruit drop, leaving the stems dead.
Control methods: (1) Increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase plant disease resistance; (2) Drain the water in the rainy season and reduce the humidity in the field to reduce the incidence; (3.) Spray 25% triadimefon 1500 times in the early stage of disease, or Ninety-seven percent of the enemy is rusted with 300-400 times of liquid, or 65% of dexamethasone 500 times.
2. In the initial stage of root rot, yellow rust spots appeared in the middle and lower parts of the root rot, and then gradually rotted. Often, no symptoms appeared on the upper part of the root rot, if not prevented, the plants would die after root rot.
Control methods: (1) Rotation, the rotation period is more than 3 years; (2) The soil is disinfected to prevent and control underground pests and nematodes in time, which can greatly reduce the incidence; (3) The rainwater is discharged in time in the rainy season; (4) The diseased plants were watered with 50% thiophanate 1000 times.
3. Diamondback worms occur in the middle and middle of May. Adults spawn at the rhizomes, and the larvae hatch into the stems and roots and the flower buds are harmed. The secretary's stems and leaves are withered and the roots are rotted.
Control methods: (1) In the egg stage and when the larvae hatched, spray 80% trichlorfon 800-1000 times to prevent and control; (2) At the time of harvest, clean up the diseased leaves of the branches, concentrate burning or high temperature, reduce the overwintering population.
In addition, there are locust damage, spray 40% dimethoate 800 times to kill.
[collection and processing]
1. The harvest can be harvested 1 year after planting. The spring is usually planted in the September-October period of the current year, and the fall is planted in the late September of the following year. When the leaves begin to yellow, they are excavated. Remove the stems and leaves first and carefully dig up the whole roots. After digging the roots, cover them with straw mats and avoid sun exposure so that it is difficult to peel after drying.
2. Wash the soil after processing and transport it back in. Roughly divide the roots according to the roots, put them in boiling water for 10 seconds, turn them up and down and heat them evenly. When they can be peeled, remove them and immediately put them into cold water to cool them. Sun dried or dried in time. Do not cook the parsley too hot, otherwise it will affect the quality of herbs.
[Production quality]
1. Yield Generally, about 750 kilograms of fresh roots are produced per mu. Drying rate is about 30%.
2. It is better for the quality to be dry, slender, tight, and white.
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