The occurrence of frost damage during the wintering of winter wheat has a great impact on the yield. In recent years, it often occurs in the winter wheat district of Huanghuai, causing great economic losses to the farmers. If we can understand the causes of frost damage, take precautions and take measures after the occurrence of frost damage, we can minimize the damage caused by frost damage. The main reasons and countermeasures for freezing damage during wintering are as follows:
1. Variety is strong in spring. Winter wheat needs a period of low temperature to get up and joint. We call this stage of low temperature vernalization. The lower the temperature required for the variety to pass vernalization and the longer the time, the stronger the winteriness of the variety. On the contrary, when the springness is strong, the disease-resistance ability is greatly weakened and prone to freezing injury. Strong spring varieties passed the vernalization after encountering cold air before the winter. After the cold air, the wheat developed rapidly and even started to grow joints.
Preventive measures: Always observe wheat seedlings. If excessive growth is found, pull out the wheat seedlings in time to observe signs of elongation at the birthing section. If there are signs of elongation, measures such as repression, deep cutting and root cutting shall be adopted to control its growth.
2. Seeding early or late. This is unfavorable for safe winter wheat. The planting was too early. After several cold days before winter, the wheat passed the vernalization stage. Before the winter, the wheat development entered the two-edge period. In the wintering process, the freezing injury will occur. Preventive measures are carried out as described above. Later sowing, wheat has very few tillers before winter, weak seedlings, less sugar stored during the tillering festival, and weak frost resistance.
Antifreeze measures: According to less soil moisture, do not pour or pour winter water, multi-plankton, and promote seedling growth.
3. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too large. Nitrogen fertilizer is an indispensable fertilizer for wheat growth, but the use of too much can easily lead to prolonged seedlings, delicate leaves, can not store enough sugar in the tillering festival, winter susceptible to frost damage.
Countermeasures: If the above situation occurs, measures such as controlling water, suppressing or cutting off roots should be taken immediately to control their growth.
4. sowing too deep. Although wheat can grow at a seeding depth of about 10 cm, when it exceeds 4 cm, the seedlings are weak and the tillers are delayed or unable to give birth. Because the tillering festival of wheat can only be delivered when it is about 1 cm from the ground. When it exceeds this depth, it is necessary to elongate the middle stem to send the tilling section to this position. If the sowing is too deep, the middle stem cannot do anything, and the wheat cannot be delivered. . The tillers and wheat secondary roots are generally synchronized, with no tillers, little or no secondary roots, thin seedlings, and naturally weak antifreeze.
Solution: Strengthen management, multi-planning, and keep moisture in place.
5. sowing too shallow. If the planting is too shallow and the soil is relatively dry, secondary roots cannot be formed, affecting tillering, thin seedlings, and poor frost resistance.
The solution: In the process of scratching, soil is rooted in wheat and moderately irrigated to allow secondary roots to be buried as soon as possible.
6. The field is too dry. Especially sandy soil, wheat lacks moisture, affects the tillering and growth, does not form strong seedlings, and reduces the freezing resistance of wheat seedlings.
Solution: There are watering conditions in time watering, no watering conditions scratching in time, cut off the soil capillary, blocking moisture loss. (Shandong Provincial Institute of Agricultural Materials)
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